冷轧是在室温条件下将钢板进一步轧薄至为目标厚度的钢板。和热轧钢板比较，冷轧钢板厚度更加精确，而且表面光滑、漂亮，同时还具有各种优越的机械性能，特别是加工性能方面。因为冷轧原卷比较脆硬，不太适合加工，所以通常情况下冷轧钢板要求经过退火、酸洗及表面平整之后才交给客户。冷轧最小厚度是0.1--8.0MM以下，大部份工厂如保定普瑞钢材冷轧钢板厚度是4.5MM以下；最少厚度、宽度是根据各工厂的设备能力和 市场 需求而决定。冷轧的优缺点：优点：成型速度快、 产量 高，且不损伤涂层，可以做成多种多样的截面形式，以适应使用条件的需要；冷轧可以使钢材产生很大的塑性变形，从而提高了钢材的屈服点。缺点: 1.虽然成型过程中没有经过热态塑性压缩，但截面内仍然存在残余应力，对钢材整体和局部屈曲的特性必然产生影响；2.冷轧型钢样式一般为开口截面，使得截面的自由扭转刚度较低。在受弯时容易出现扭转，受压时容易出现弯扭屈曲，抗扭性能较差；3.冷轧成型钢壁厚较小，在板件衔接的转角处又没有加厚，承受局部性的集中荷载的能力弱。镀锌是在装有镀件、玻璃球、锌粉、水和促进剂的旋转滚桶内，作为冲击介质的玻璃球随着滚桶转动，与镀件表面发生摩擦和锤击产生机械物理能量，在化学促进剂的作用下，将镀涂的锌粉“冷焊”到镀件表面上，形成光滑、均匀和细致的具有一定厚度的镀层。镀锌分为热镀锌和电镀锌两种。热镀锌也叫热浸镀锌和热浸锌，是一种有效的 金属 防腐方式，主要用于各 行业 的 金属 结构设施上。是将除锈后的钢件浸入500℃左右融化的锌液中，使钢构件表面附着锌层，从而起到防腐的目的。电镀锌，是利用电解设备将管件经过除油、酸洗、后放入成分为锌盐的溶液中，并连接电解设备的负极，在管件的对面放置锌版，连接在电解设备的正极接通电源，利用电流从正极向负极的定向移动就会在管件上沉积一层锌，冷镀管件是先加工后镀锌。

冷轧：用热轧钢卷为原料，经酸洗去除氧化皮后进行冷连轧，其成品为轧硬卷，由于连续冷变形引起的冷作硬化使轧硬卷的强度、硬度上升、韧塑指标下降，因此冲压性能将恶化，只能用于简单变形的零件。轧硬卷可作为热镀锌厂的原料，因为热镀锌机组均设置有退火线。轧硬卷重一般在6~13.5吨，钢卷在常温下，对热轧酸洗卷进行连续轧制。内径为610mm。产品特点因为没有经过退火处理，其硬度很高（HRB大于90），机械加工性能极差，只能进行简单的有方向性的小于90度的折弯加工（垂直于卷取方向）。简单来说，冷轧，是在热软板扎的基础上加工轧制出来的，一般来讲是热轧→酸洗→冷轧这样的加工过程。冷轧是在常温状态下由热轧板加工而成，虽然在加工过程因为轧制也会使钢板升温，尽管如此还是叫冷轧。由热轧经过连续冷变形而成的冷轧，机械性能比较差，硬度太高，必须经过退火才能恢复其机械性能，没有退火的叫轧硬卷。轧硬卷一般是用来做无需折弯，拉伸的产品，1.0以下厚度轧硬的运气好的两边或者四边折弯。化学成分（Wt%）牌号CSiMnPSCuSPCC0.02～0.08≤0.100.15～0.30≤0.045≤0.050≤0.050Q1950.06～0.12≤0.300.25～0.50≤0.045≤0.050≤0.050Q235-B0.12～0.20≤0.300.30～0.70≤0.045≤0.050≤0.050制作工序冷轧通常采用众轧的方式。冷轧生产的工序一般包括原料准备、酸洗、轧制、脱脂、退火(热处理)、精整等。冷轧以热轧产品为原料，冷轧前原料要先除磷，以保证冷轧产品的表面洁净。轧制是使材料变形的主要工序。脱脂的目的在于去除轧制时附在轧材上的润滑油脂，以免退火时污染钢材表面，对不锈钢也为防止增碳。退火包括中间退火和成品热处理，中间退火是通过再结晶消除冷变形时产生的加工硬化，以恢复材料的塑性及降低金属的变形抗力。成品热处理的目的除了通过再结晶消除硬化外。还在于根据产品的技术要求以获得所需要的组织(如各种织构等)和产品性能(如深冲、电磁性能等)。精整包括检查、剪切、矫直(平整)、打印、分类包装等内容。冷轧产品有很高的包装要求，以防止产品在运输过程中表面被刮伤。除上述工序外在生产一些特殊产品时还有各自的特殊工序。如轧制硅钢板时，在冷轧前要进行脱碳退火，轧后要进行涂膜、高温退火、拉伸矫直(见张力矫直)与回火等。用于冷轧带刚的轧机有二辊轧机、四辊轧机和多辊轧机。应用最多的是四辊轧机。轧制更薄的产品则要采用多辊轧机。多辊轧机的种类很多，如六辊轧机、偏八辊轧机，十二辊轧机，二十辊轧机等(见轧机)。随着对板形要求的提高，发展了许多改进板形的技术，如弯辊技术、窜辊技术和交叉轧辊技术等。冷轧带钢轧机按机架排列可分为单机可逆或不可逆式与多机连续式两类。前者适用于多品种、少批量或合金钢产品比例大的情况。它投资低、建厂快，但产量低，金属消耗较大。多机架连续轧制适合于产品品种较单一或者变动不大的情况，它有生产效率高、产量大的优点，但投资较大。与热轧带钢(见热连轧宽带钢生产工艺、热轧窄带钢生产)相比，冷轧带钢(见冷板扎带生产)的轧制工艺有以下特点：(1)采用工艺润滑和冷却，以降低轧制时的变形抗力和冷却轧辊；(2)采用大张力轧制，以降低变形抗力和保持轧制过程的稳定。采用的平均单位张力值为材料屈服强度的10%～60%，一般不超过50%；(3)采用多轧程轧制。由于冷轧使材料产生加工硬化，当总变形量达到60%～80%时，继续变形就变得很困难。为此要进行中间退火，使材料软化后轧制得以继续进行。为了得到要求的薄带钢，这样的中间退火可能要进行多次。两次中间退火之间的轧制称为一个轧程。冷轧带钢的退火在有保护气体的连续式退火炉或罩式退火炉中进行(见冷轧板带退火)。冷轧带钢的最小厚度目前可达到0.05mm，冷轧箔材可达到0.001mm。

冷轧钢板就是经过冷轧生产的钢板，俗称冷板。　　冷轧是在室温条件下将No.1钢板进一步轧薄至为目标厚度的钢板。和热轧钢板比较，冷轧钢板厚度更加精确，而且表面光滑、漂亮，同时还具有各种优越的机械性能，特别是加工性能方面。因为冷轧原卷比较脆硬，不太适合加工，所以通常情况下冷轧钢板要求经过退火、酸洗及表面平整之后才交给客户。冷轧最大厚度是0.1--8.0MM以下，如大部份工厂冷轧钢板厚度是4.5MM以下；最少厚度、宽度是根据各工厂的设备能力和市场需求而决定。 　　一般来说，冷轧钢板分为三代产品：沸腾钢为第一代，铝镇静钢为第二代，无间隙原子刚（IF钢）为第三代。   您查询的关键词是：冷轧钢板  。如果打开速度慢，可以尝试快速版；如果想保存快照，可以添加到搜藏。 "冷轧钢板""2,冷轧钢板(YB459-64)""厚度(mm)","宽度和长度 (mm)","理论重量(kg/m2)(比重:8.9)",,"厚度(mm)","宽度和长度 (mm)","理论重量(kg/m2)(比重:8.9)""0.4","600x1200 700x1430 800x1500 1000x2000","3.56",,"2.5","6000x1200 7000x1430 800x1500 1000x2000","22.25""0.45",,"4.01",,"2.75",,"24.48""0.5",,"4.45",,"3.0",,"26.70""0.6",,"5.34",,"3.5",,"31.50""0.7",,"6.23",,"4.0",,"35.60""0.8",,"7.12",,"4.5",,"40.05""0.9",,"8.01",,"5.0",,"44.50""1.0",,"8.90",,"5.5",,"48.95""1.1",,"9.79",,"6.0",,"53.40""1.2",,"10.68",,"6.5",,"57.85""1.35",,"12.02",,"7.0",,"62.30""1.5",,"13.35",,"7.5",,"66.75""1.65",,"14.60",,"8.0",,"71.20""1.8",,"16.02",,"9.0",,"80.10""2.0",,"17.80",,"10.0",,"89.00""2.25",,"20.03""冷轧铜条""2,冷轧铜条(YB459-64)""厚 度 (mm)","宽度 (mm)","长度 (mm)","理论重量(kg/m2) (比重:8.9)",,"厚 度 (mm)","宽度 (mm)","长度 (mm)","理论重量(kg/m2) (比重:8.9)""0.20","200~400","500~800","1.78",,"2.50","200~500","500~2000","22.25""0.25",,,"2.23",,"2.75",,,"24.48""0.30",,,"2.67",,"3.00",,"1000~2000","26.70""0.35",,,"3.12",,"3.50",,,"31.15""0.40","200~500","500~2000","3.56",,"4.00",,,"35.60""0.45",,,"4.01",,"4.50",,,"40.05""0.50",,,"4.45",,"5.00",,,"44.50""0.60",,,"5.34",,"5.50",,,"48.95""0.70",,,"6.23",,"6.00",,,"53.40""0.80",,,"7.12",,"6.50",,,"57.85""0.90",,,"8.01",,"7.00",,,"62.30""1.00",,,"8.90",,"8.00",,,"71.20""1.20",,,"10.68",,"9.00",,,"80.10""1.30",,,"11.57",,"10.00",,,"89.00""1.40",,,"12.46",,"11.00",,,"97.90""1.50",,,"13.35",,"12.00",,,"106.8""1.60",,,"14.69",,"13.00",,,"115.7""1.80",,,"16.02",,"14.00",,,"124.6""2.00",,,"17.80",,"15.00",,,"133.5""注 铜板和条(热轧,冷轧)的制造牌号为T2,T3,T4和TU和TUP,其化学成分应符合YB145-71规定""特殊用冷轧黄铜条""3,特殊用冷轧黄铜条(YB555-65)""厚 度 (mm)","宽度 (mm)","长度 (mm)","理论重量(kg/m2) (比重:8.8)",,"厚 度 (mm)","宽度 (mm)","长度 (mm)","理论重量(kg/m2) (比重:8.8)""0.20","200~300","500~1000","1.76",,"1.6","200~500","500~2000","14.08""0.25",,,"2.20",,"1.8",,,"15.84""0.30","200~400",,"2.64",,"2.0",,,"17.60""0.35",,,"3.08",,"2.5",,,"22.00""0.40","200~500",,"3.52",,"2.75",,,"24.20""0.45",,,"3.96",,"3.0",,,"26.40""0.50",,"500~2000","4.40",,"3.5",,,"30.80""0.55",,,"4.84",,"4.0",,,"35.20""0.60",,,"5.28",,"4.5",,,"39.60""0.70",,,"6.16",,"5.0",,,"44.00""0.80",,,"7.04",,"5.5",,,"48.40""0.90",,,"7.92",,"6.0",,,"52.80""1.0",,,"8.8",,"6.5",,,"57.20""1.2",,,"10.56",,"7.0",,,"61.60""1.3",,,"11.44",,"8.0",,,"70.40""1.4",,,"12.32",,"9.0",,,"79.20""1.5",,,"13.20",,"10.0",,,"88.00""注 (1)标记举例:用H80制成的,厚度为0.8mm,宽度为300mm,长度为1000mm的1/2硬条标记为:"" 条H80-Y20.8x300x1000YB555-65."" (2)冷轧条分为定尺,倍尺和不定尺三种.""多面体的体积和表面积""多面体的体积和表面积""图形",,"尺寸符号",,"重心(G)""立方体",,,,"在对角线交点上""长方体∧棱柱∨",,,,"G0=h/2""三棱柱",,,,"Go=h/2""棱锥",,,,"Go=h/4""棱台""圆柱和空心圆柱∧管∨",,,,"Go=h/2""斜线直圆柱""直圆锥",,,,"Go=h/4""圆台""球",,,,"在球心上""球扇形∧球楔∨",,,,"Go=3/4(r-h/2)""球缺",,,,"Go=3(2r-h)2/4(3r-h)""圆环体∧胎∨",,,,"在环中心上""球带体",,,,"Go=h1+h/2""桶形",,,,"在轴交点上""椭球体",," a,b,c-半轴",,"在轴交点上""交叉圆柱体",,,,"在二轴交点上""梯形体""常用图形求面积,体积公式""常用图形求面积,体积公式""图形",,"尺寸符号","面积(F) 表面积(S)","重心(G)""正方形",,,,"在对角线交点上""长方形",,,,"在对角线交点上""三角形",,,,"GB=1/3BD CD=DA""平行四边形",,,,"对角线交点上""任意四边形""正多边形",,,,"在o点上""菱形",,,,"在对角线交点上""梯形""圆形",,,,"在圆心上""椭圆形",,"a·b-主轴","F= (π/4) a·b","在主轴交点G上""扇形""弓形""圆环",,,,"在圆心O""部分圆环""新月形",,,,"O1G=(π-P)L/2P","L d/10","2d/10 3d/10 4d/10","5d/10 6d/10 7d/10 ","8d/10 9d/10","P 0.40","0.79 1.18 1.56","1.91 2.25 2.55","2.81 3.02""抛物线形""等多边形",,," "," 在内,外接圆心处""冷轧黄钢板""4,冷轧黄钢板(YB460-71)""厚度(mm)","宽度和长度 (mm)","理论重量(kg/m2)(比重:8.5)",,"厚度(mm)","宽度和长度 (mm)","理论重量(kg/m2)(比重:8.5)""0.20","200~500 500~600 600~700 700~800 >800","1.70",,"2.00","200~500 500~600 600~700 700~800 >800","17.00""0.25",,"2.13",,"2.25",,"19.13""0.30",,"2.55",,"2.50",,"21.25""0.35",,"2.98",,"2.75",,"23.38""0.40",,"3.40",,"3.00",,"25.50""0.45",,"3.82",,"3.50",,"29.75""0.50",,"4.25",,"4.00",,"34.00""0.60",,"5.10",,"4.50",,"38.20""0.70",,"5.95",,"5.00",,"42.50""0.80",,"6.80",,"5.50",,"46.75""0.90",,"7.65",,"6.00",,"51.00""1.00",,"8.50",,"6.50",,"55.25""1.10",,"9.35",,"7.00",,"59.50""1.20",,"10.20",,"7.50",,"63.75""1.35",,"11.48",,"8.00",,"68.00""1.50",,"12.75",,"9.00",,"76.50""1.65",,"14.03",,"10.00",,"85.00""1.80",,"15.30""注 (1)冷轧软板仅供应H59,H62,H68,H80,H90,H96,HMn58-2,HPb59-1牌号.""(2)冷轧1/2硬板仅供应H62,H65,H68,H90,HMn58-2牌号.""(3)冷轧特硬板仅供应H62牌号.""(4)冷轧板材长度分为:定尺,倍尺和不定尺三种.其通常长度为500~2000mm,但长度不得小于宽度.""特殊用冷轧黄钢板""5,特殊用冷轧黄钢板(YB555-65)""厚度(mm)","宽度和长度 (mm)","理论重量(kg/m2)(比重:8.8)",,"厚度(mm)","宽度和长度 (mm)","理论重量(kg/m2)(比重:8.8)""0.4","600x1200 700x1430 800x1500 1000x2000","3.52",,"2.25","600x1200 700x1430 800x1500 1000x2000","19.60""0.45",,"3.96",,"2.50",,"22.00""0.50",,"4.40",,"2.75",,"24.20""0.55",,"4.84",,"3.0",,"26.40""0.60",,"5.28",,"3.5",,"30.80""0.70",,"6.16",,"4.0",,"35.20""0.80",,"7.04",,"4.5",,"39.60""0.90",,"7.92",,"5.0",,"44.00""1.0",,"8.80",,"5.5",,"48.40""1.1",,"9.68",,"6.0",,"52.80""1.2",,"10.56",,"6.5",,"57.20""1.35",,"11.88",,"7.0",,"61.60""1.5",,"13.20",,"7.5",,"66.60""1.65",,"14.52",,"8.0",,"70.40""1.8",,"15.84",,"9.0",,"79.20""2.0",,"17.60",,"10.0",,"88.00""注 标记举例:用H90制成的,厚度为2.5mm,宽度为600mm,长度为1200mm的软板标记为:"" 板H90M2.5x600x1200xYB555-65.""铝及铝合金板""6,铝及铝合金板""厚度 (mm)","理论重量(kg/m2)",,"厚度 (mm)","理论重量(kg/m2)",,"厚度 (mm)","理论重量(kg/m2)",,"厚度 (mm)","理论重量(kg/m2)"0.5,"1.40",,"2.5","7.00",,"9.0","25.2",,"25","70.0"0.6,"1.68",,"3.0","8.40",,"10.0","28.0",,"30","84.0"0.8,"2.24",,"3.5","9.80",,"12.0","33.6",,"35","98.0""1.0","2.80",,"4.0","11.20",,"14.0","39.2",,"40","112.0""1.2","3.36",,"5.0","14.00",,"16.0","44.8",,"50","140.0""1.5","4.20",,"6.0","16.80",,"18.0","50.4",,"60","168.0""1.8","5.04",,"7.0","19.60",,"20.0","56.0",,"70","196.0""2.0","5.60",,"8.0","22.40",,"22.0","61.6",,"80","224.0""注 (1)板的宽度有1000,1200和500mm;板的长度有2000,3000和4000mm."" (2)理论重量按LY11,LY12和LD10等牌号铝合金的比重2.8计算,对于其他牌号的铝合金和工业纯铝,应乘以"" 下列换算系数:LD2-0.961;LF2-0.953;LF21-0.975;LC4-1.018;工业纯铝-0.967.""铅板""7,铅板(GB1470-79)""厚度 (mm)","理论重量(kg/m2)",,"厚度 (mm)","理论重量(kg/m2)",,"厚度 (mm)","理论重量(kg/m2)",,"厚度 (mm)","理论重量(kg/m2)""1.0","11.37",,"3.0","34.11",,"5.0","56.85",,"9.0","102.33""1.5","17.06",,"3.5","39.80",,"6.0","68.22",,"10.0","113.70""2.0","22.74",,"4.0","45.48",,"7.0","79.59",,"12.0","136.44""2.5","28.43",,"4.5","51.17",,"8.0","90.96",,"16.0","170.55""注 (1)铅的化学成分按GB469-64标准."" (2)板材理论重量按比重为11.34计算,宽度按500mm进张."" (3)板材成卷供应,厚度大于15mm的板材,以片状供应,厚度不大于1.5mm的板材,应用木箱包装.""纯铜带"",纯铜带(YB464-64)""厚 度 (mm)","宽度 (mm)","长度 (m)","理论重量(kg/m2) (比重:8.9)",,"厚 度 (mm)","宽度 (mm)","长度 (m)","理论重量(kg/m2) (比重:8.9)""0.05","18~150","≥20","0.44",,"0.50","18~300","≥10","4.45""0.06",,,"0.53",,"0.55",,,"4.90""0.07",,,"0.62",,"0.60",,,"5.34""0.08",,,"0.71",,"0.65",,,"5.79""0.09",,,"0.80",,"0.70",,,"6.23""0.10","18~300",,"0.89",,"0.75",,,"6.68""0.12",,,"1.07",,"0.80",,,"7.12""0.15",,,"1.34",,"0.85",,,"7.57""0.18",,,"1.60",,"0.90",,,"8.01""0.20",,,"1.78",,"1.00",,,"8.90""0.22",,,"1.96",,"1.10",,,"9.79""0.25",,,"2.23",,"1.20",,"≥7","10.68""0.30",,,"2.67",,"1.30",,,"11.57""0.35",,,"3.12",,"14.40",,,"12.46""0.40",,,"3.56",,"1.50",,,"13.35""0.45",,,"4.01""注 纯铜带的制造牌号为T2,T3,T4,TUP,其化学成分符合YB145-71的规定.""铝带""9,铝带""宽 度 (mm)","厚 度 (mm)","3","4","5","6","8","10","12","重 量 (kg/m)""10","0.080","0.107","0.134 0.161 0.268 0.335 0.402 0.536 0.670 0.804 1.072 1.340 1.608","0.161","0.214","0.268","0.322""12","0.096","0.129",,"0.193","0.257","0.322","0.386""15","0.121","0.161",,"0.241","0.322","0.402","0.482""20","0.161","0.214",,"0.322","0.429","0.568","0.643""25","0.201","0.268",,"0.402","0.568","0.670","0.804""30","0.241","0.332",,"0.482","0.643","0.804","0.965""40","0.322","0.429",,"0.643","0.858","1.072","1.286""50","0.402","0.536",,"0.804","1.072","1.340","1.608""60","0.482","0.643",,"0.965","1.286","1.608","1.930""80","0.643","0.858",,"1.286","1.715","2.144","2.573""100","0.804","1.072",,"1.608","2.144","2.680","3.216""120","0.965","1.286",,"1.930","2.573","3.216","3.859""注 表中重量系以LY11,LY12,(比重2.8)为准,其他合金应乘以下列系数:"" L1~L6-0.967;LF2-0.953;LF21-0.975.""热轧铜条""1,热轧铜条(YB459-64)""厚 度 (mm)","宽度 (mm)","长度 (mm)","理论重量(kg/m2) (比重:8.9)",,"厚 度 (mm)","宽度 (mm)","长度 (mm)","理论重量(kg/m2) (比重:8.9)""4.0","200~500","≥1000","35.60",,"8.0","200~500","≥1000","71.20""4.5",,,"40.05",,"9.0",,,"80.10""5.0",,,"44.05",,"10.0",,,"89.0""5.5",,,"48.95",,"11.0",,,"97.9""6.0",,,"53.40",,"12.0",,,"106.8""6.5",,,"57.85",,"13.0",,,"115.7""7.0",,,"62.30",,"14.0",,,"124.6""7.5",,,"66.75",,"15.0",,,"133.5""英国标准线规(BWG)号数与线径的关系""(二)英国标准线规(BWG)号数与线径的关系""线规号码","in.","mm",,"线规号码","in.","mm",,"线规号码","in.","mm""0","0.324","8.230",,"14","0.080","2.032",,"28","0.0148","0.376""1","0.300","7.020",,"15","0.072","1.829",,"29","0.0136","0.345""2","0.276","7.010",,"16","0.064","1.626",,"30","0.0124","0.315""3","0.252","6.401",,"17","0.056","1.422",,"31","0.0116","0.295""4","0.232","5.893",,"18","0.048","1.219",,"32","0.0108","0.274""5","0.212","5.385",,"19","0.040","1.016",,"33","0.0100","0.254""6","0.192","4.877",,"20","0.036","0.914",,"34","0.0092","0.234""7","0.176","4.470",,"21","0.032","0.813",,"35","0.0084","0.213""8","0.160","4.064",,"22","0.028","0.711",,"36","0.0076","0.193""9","0.144","3.658",,"23","0.024","0.610",,"37","0.0068","0.173""10","0.128","3.251",,"24","0.022","0.559",,"38","0.0060","0.152""11","0.116","2.946",,"25","0.020","0.508",,"39","0.0052","0.132"12,"0.104","2.642",,"26","0.018","0.457",,"40","0.0048","0.122"13,"0.092","2.337",,"27","0.0164","0.417",,"41","0.0044","0.112""刺钢丝""三)刺钢丝规格和重量""说 明 和 用 途",,"钢丝划号 (号)","刺间距离 (mm)","每kg长度 (m)","重量 (kg/km)""刺钢丝又名刺铁丝,俗称"花园铅丝"(因常作花园围墙篱笆之用,故名),系以镀锌钢丝经机器铰缠而成(一般用#12或#14钢丝制作).适于作各种围墙(尤其是公园围墙和临时建筑场地 的围墙)篱笆或障碍物用.",,"12","65","6.4","156",,,"75","7.2","139",,,"100","7.9","127",,,"125","8.6","116",,"14","65","10.9","91.8",,,"75","11.5","86.9",,,"100","13.0","76.9",,,"125","14.0","71.4""注 (1)刺钢丝规格的注写方法为"钢丝直径(号数)x尖数x刺间距离",或"钢丝直径(号数)x刺间距离"."" (2)表列刺钢丝的"每kg长度"和"重量",仅供参考.""刻痕钢丝""四)刻痕钢丝规格和重量""直径 (mm)","断面积 (mm2)","重量 (kg/m)"," 抗 拉 强 度 (kg/mm2)",,"屈 服 强 度 (kg/mm2)",,,"I组","II组","I组","II组""2.5","4.90","0.034","190","160","152","128""3","7.06","0.056","180","150","144","120""4","12.56","0.094","170","140","136","112""5","19.63","0.150","160","130","126","104""注 刻痕钢丝是由预应力混凝土结构用碳素钢丝(冷拔高强度钢丝)在经特制的"刻痕机"进行刻痕而制成的"" 预应力钢筋混凝土结构用的钢丝.""钢丝网""五)钢丝网规格和重量""号数","钢丝直径(mm)","重量(kg/m2)",,"号数","钢丝直径(mm)","重量(kg/m2)",,"号数","钢丝直径(mm)","重量(kg/m2)",,"号数","钢丝直径(mm)","重量(kg/m2)"20,"1.6","1.5",,"6","2.0","6.7",,"2.5","0.7","2.0",,"1","0.3","0.9","3.0","5.1",,"5.5","0.5","0.6",,"2.2","0.45","1.0",,,"0.35","1.2""18","1.6","1.7",,,"1.6","4.7",,,"0.6","1.6",,"0.9","0.25","0.7","3.0","5.7",,,"2.0","7.2",,,"0.8","2.9",,,"0.3","1.0""16","1.6","1.9",,"5","0.7","1.1",,"2","0.4","0.9",,,"0.4","1.6","3.0","6.3",,,"1.4","4.1",,,"0.5","1.3",,"0.8","0.22","0.6""14","1.4","1.7",,,"2.2","8.9",,,"0.6","1.9",,,"0.28","0.9","2.5","4.9",,"4.5","0.5","0.7",,,"1.2","6.0",,,"0.3","1.0""12","1.2","1.4",,,"1.0","2.3",,"1.8","0.4","0.9",,"0.7","0.2","0.6","2.5","5.7",,,"1.8","6.8",,,"0.5","1.4",,,"0.25","0.9""11","1.2","1.5",,"4","0.6","1.0",,,"0.7","2.6",,,"0.30","1.2","2.5","6.1",,,"1.0","2.6",,"1.6","0.3","0.6",,"0.63","0.22","0.7""10","1.0","1.2",,,"1.4","4.8",,,"0.4","1.0",,,"0.25","0.9","2.5","6.6",,"3.5","0.7","1.5",,,"0.45","1.3",,,"0.28","1.2""9","1.0","1.3",,,"1.0","2.9",,"1.4","0.30","0.7",,"0.56","0.22","0.8","2.2","5.7",,,"1.2","4.0",,,"0.35","0.9",,,"0.25","1.0""8","0.7","0.7",,"3.2","0.45","0.7",,,"0.65","2.7",,,"0.28","1.2","1.2","2.1",,,"0.9","2.7",,"1.2","0.28","0.7",,"0.5","0.22","0.9","1.8","4.5",,,"1.2","4.3",,,"0.35","1.0",,,"0.25","1.1""7","0.7","0.8",,"2.8","0.4","0.7",,,"0.4","1.3",,,"0.3","1.5","1.2","2.3",,,"0.7","1.8",,"1.1","0.28","0.7",,"0.45","0.2","0.8","1.8","5.0",,,"1.0","3.6",,,"0.35","1.1",,,"0.25","1.2""6","0.7","0.9",,"2.5","0.4","0.7",,,"0.40","1.4",,,"0.2","0.9","1.2","2.7",,,"0.5","1.1",,"1","0.25","0.7",,"0.4","0.25","1.3""钢板网""六)钢板网规格和重量""品 种","规 格 (mm)",,,,,,"每张大约重量(kg)","生产单位","丝梗厚度 h","孔眼宽度 T","丝梗宽度 b","节 距 t","网面宽度 B","网面长度 L""小","0.5","9","1","25","1800","600","0.875","上海中国钢板网厂",,,,,"2000",,"0.875","0.6","9","1","25","1800","600","1.000",,,,,"2000",,"1.125","0.7","9","1","25","1800","600","1.125",,,,,"2000",,"1.250""网","0.75","9","1","25","1800","600","1.250",,,,,"2000",,"1.375","0.8","9","1","25","1800","600","1.375",,,,,"2000",,"1.500","1","9","1","25","1500","600","1.625",,,,,"1800",,"1.875",,,,,"2000",,"2.125""大","0.5","7","1.2","2.5","1800","2800","5.85","上海中国钢板网厂","1","7","1.2","25","1800","2800","11.70",,"9","1.2","25","1500","3000","7.95",,,,,"1800","3600","11.70",,"9","1.1","25","2000","4000","14.76",,"11","1.6","40","1800","3600","11.70",,,,,"2000","4000","14.60","1.2","7","1.2","25","1800","2800","14.04",,"9","1.2","25","1800","3600","14.04",,,"1.1","25","2000","4000","17.71",,"11","1.6","40","1800","3600","14.04""网",,,,,"2000","4000","17.71","1.5","11","1.6","40","1800","3600","17.55",,"17","2.3","65","2000","4000","22.14","2","17","2.3","65","1500","3000","15.90",,,,,"1800","3600","23.41",,,,,"2000","4000","29.52",,"22","3.0","75","1500","3000","15.90",,,,,"1800","3600","23.41",,,,,"2000","4000","29.52",,"27","3.8","100","2000","4000","29.52","3","36","4.6","115","2000","4000","44.28",,"45","6.1","150""钢丝纱""七)钢丝纱(窗纱)规格和重量""规 格","面 积(m2/卷)","重 量",,"(kg/卷)","(kg/m2)""14目3x100","27.87","12.5","0.448""14目4x100","37.16","16.6","0.448""16目3x100",27.87,13.5,"0.484""16目4x100",37.16,"18.0","0.484""紫铜丝布""(八)紫铜丝布(紫铜纱)规格和重量""网 孔 目","铜 丝 线 号","净 重(kg/m2)",,"网 孔 目","铜 丝 线 号","净 重(kg/m2)",,"网 孔 目","铜 丝 线 号","净 重(kg/m2)""8","22","2.691",,"30","30","2.5116",,"65","36","1.9734""10","24","2.691",,"35","31","1.9734",,"70","36","1.9734""12","24","3.0498",,"40","32","1.9734",,"75","37","1.9734""16","26","2.1528",,"45","33","1.9734",,"80","37","1.9734""20","27","2.1528",,"50","34","1.9734",,"100","39","1.7940""24","30","2.1528",,"55","35","1.9734""28","30","2.3322",,"60","35","1.7940""黄铜丝布""(九)黄铜丝布(黄铜纱)规格和重量""网 孔 目","铜 丝 线 号","净 重(kg/m2)",,"网 孔 目","铜 丝 线 号","净 重(kg/m2)",,"网 孔 目","铜 丝 线 号","净 重(kg/m2)""8","24","1.5787",,"24","34","0.8611",,"50","38","0.6458""10","26","1.2375",,"26","34","0.8252",,"60","41","0.3947""12","27","1.2558",,"28","36","0.5386",,"70","42","0.3347""14","27","1.3276",,"30","36","0.5741",,"80","43","0.3767""16","32","0.6100",,"32","36","0.6100",,"90","43","0.4306""18","33","0.6100",,"34","36","0.6279",,"100","43","0.5023""20","33","0.7176",,"36","36","0.7176",,"110","44","0.3347""22","33","0.8611",,"40","36","0.4844",,"120","44","0.4485""铝及铝合金直角角型材""1,铝及铝合金直角角型材(XC111)""序 号","主要尺寸(mm)",,"截面面积(mm2)","理论重量(kg/m)",,"序 号","主要尺寸(mm)",,"截面面积(mm2)","理论重量(kg/m)",,"序 号","主要尺寸(mm)",,"截面面积(mm2)","理论重量(kg/m)","H=B","b",,,,,"H=B","b",,,,,"H=B","b"1,"12","1","0.234","0.065",,"25","25","1.3","0.734","0.204",,"49","38.3","5","3.590","0.998"2,"12","2","0.440","0.122",,"26","25","1.6","0.777","0.216",,"50","38.3","6.3","4.444","1.235"3,"12.5","1.6","0.377","0.105",,"27","25","2","0.964","0.268",,"51","40","2","1.564","0.435"4,"15","1","0.294","0.082",,"28","25","2.5","1.189","0.331",,"52","40","2.5","1.944","0.540"5,"15","1.2","0.353","0.098",,"29","25","3","1.410","0.392",,"53","40","3","2.320","0.645"6,"15","1.5","0.434","0.121",,"30","25","3.2","1.509","0.429",,"54","40","3.5","2.671","0.743"7,"15","2","0.564","0.157",,"31","25","3.5","1.641","0.456",,"55","40","3.5","2.694","0.749"8,"15","3","0.820","0.223",,"32","25","4","1.857","0.516",,"56","40","4","3.057","0.850"9,"16","1.6","0.429","0.119",,"33","25","5","2.242","0.623",,"57","40","5","3.750","1.043"10,"16","2.4","0.726","0.202",,"34","27","2","1.041","0.289",,"58","45","4","3.475","0.961"11,"18","1.5","0.524","0.146",,"35","27","2","1.090","0.303",,"59","45","5","4.277","1.189"12,"18","2","0.684","0.190",,"36","30","1.5","0.884","0.246",,"60","50","3","2.920","0.812"13,"19","1.6","0.585","0.163",,"37","30","2","1.164","0.324",,"61","50","4","3.857","1.072"14,"19","2.4","0.861","0.239",,"38","30","2.5","1.438","0.400",,"62","50","5","4.777","1.328"15,"19","3.2","1.125","0.313",,"39","30","3","1.720","0.478",,"63","50","6","5.655","1.572"16,"20","1","0.397","0.110",,"40","30","4","2.240","0.623",,"64","50","6.5","6.110","1.699"17,"20","1.2","0.473","0.131",,"41","32","2.4","1.491","0.415",,"65","50","12","10.600","2.947"18,"20","1.5","0.584","0.162",,"42","32","3.2","1.957","0.554",,"66","60","5","5.777","1.606"19,"20","2","0.764","0.212",,"43","32","3.5","2.131","0.592",,"67","60","6","6.855","1.906"20,"20","3","1.140","0.137",,"44","32","6.5","3.723","1.036",,"68","75","7","10.010","2.783"21,"20","4","1.475","0.410",,"45","35","3","2.005","0.557",,"69","75","8","11.360","3.158"22,"20.5","1.6","0.633","0.176",,"46","35","4","2.657","0.739",,"70","75","10","14.000","3.892"23,"23","2","0.680","0.245",,"47","38","2.4","1.773","0.498",,"71","90","5","8.750","2.433"24,"25","1.2","0.597","0.166",,"48","38.3","3.5","2.562","0.712",,"72","90","8","13.760","3.825""注 (1)铝及铝合金型材的尺寸,规格等摘自冶金工业部1970年颁发的《铝及铝镁合金挤压型材》."" (2)表内理论重量均按LY12合金比重(2.78)进行计算,其他材料的比重及换算系数如下:L1~L7(2.71)-0.975;"" LF2(2.68)-0.964;LF11(2.65)-0.953;LF21(2.73)-0.982;LD2(2.70)-0.971;"" LY11(2.80)-1.007;LY12(2.78)-1.000."" (3)铝型材主要生产单位有哈尔滨和西北铝加工厂等.西北铝加工厂的产品断面为100~400cm2,宽度小于530mm."" (4)铝及铝合金型材规格的表示方法是型材类别组号加序号,如XC111-4,其中,XC表示型材,后面的数字依次为"" 类别,组号,连字符后的数字为顺序号.""铝及铝合金直丁字型材""2,铝及铝合金直丁字型材(XC211)""序 号","主要尺寸(mm)",,,"截面面积(cm2)","理论重量(kg/m)",,"序 号","主要尺寸(mm)",,,"截面面积(cm2)","理论重量(kg/m)","H","B","b",,,,,"H","B","b"1,"15","25","1","0.405","0.113",,"34","32","45","3","2.259","0.628"2,"19","50","2","1.378","0.383",,"35","32","48","2.4","1.874","0.521"3,"20","20","2","0.760","0.211",,"36","32","50","3","2.423","0.674"4,"20","30","1.5","0.740","0.206",,"37","35","32","1.5","1.000","0.278"5,"20","35","2","1.060","0.295",,"38","35","35","4","2.713","0.754"6,"20","37","2","1.117","0.311",,"39","35","40","2","1.468","0.408"7,"20","42","2","1.200","0.334",,"40","37","42","2","1.500","0.417"8,"20","42","2","1.240","0.345",,"41","38","44","5","3.910","1.087"9,"20","45","2","1.860","0.517",,"42","38","50","3.5","3.026","0.841"10,"20","90","2","2.160","0.600",,"43","38","50","4.8","3.990","1.109"11,"21","53","1.8","1.300","0.361",,"44","39","75","5","5.510","1.532"12,"22","48","1.4","1.960","0.267",,"45","40","36","5","3.350","0.933"13,"25","29","1.6","0.847","0.25",,"46","40","45","3","2.479","0.689"14,"25","35","1.5","0.890","0.247",,"47","40","45","4","3.274","0.910"15,"25","38","2.5","1.510","0.420",,"48","40","68","3","3.300","0.917"16,"25","40","2","1.280","0.356",,"49","40","130","6","9.840","2.736"17,"25","45","2.5","1.726","0.480",,"50","42","64","4","4.100","1.140"18,"25","45","3","2.019","0.561",,"51","45","40","2.2","1.860","0.517"19,"25","45","4","2.708","0.753",,"52","50","70","4","4.640","1.300"20,"25","48","1.4","1.012","0.288",,"53","51","51","2.4","2.443","0.679"21,"25","48","1.5","1.082","0.301",,"54","54","50","3","3.040","0.845"22,"25","50","2","1.499","0.417",,"55","54","68","3","3.608","1.003"23,"25","50","2.5","1.851","0.515",,"56","64","50","5","5.781","1.607"24,"26","38","2.5","1.554","0.432",,"57","63","50","2","2.320","0.645"25,"27","70","2","1.920","0.534",,"58","70","37","2","2.100","0.584"26,"29","38","1.6","1.055","0.293",,"59","70","55","2","2.460","0.684"27,"29","58","2.5","2.180","0.606",,"60","74","66","6","8.080","2.246"28,"29","58","3.5","2.991","0.831",,"61","75","40","3","3.400","0.945"29,"30","40","1.5","1.040","0.289",,"62","80","50","2","2.560","0.712"30,"30","40","2","1.370","0.381",,"63","80","60","3","4.110","1.143"31,"30","45","3","2.150","0.597",,"64","83","50","3","3.953","1.099"32,"30","56","4","3.280","0.912",,"65","90","77","10","15.700","4.365"33,"30","68","6.5","6.100","1.696""热轧铜板""1,热轧铜板(YB459-64)""厚度(mm)","宽 度 (mm)",,,,,,,,"理论重量(kg/m2) (比重:8.9)","600~900","1000~1200","1300~1500","1600~1800","1900~2200","2300~2500","2600~2800","2900~3000","最 大 长 度 (mm)""5.0","3500","4000","6000","6000",,,,,"44.50""5.5","3500","4000","6000","6000",,,,,"48.95""6.0","3500","4000","6000","6000",,,,,"53.40""6.5","3500","4000","6000","6000",,,,,"57.85""7.0","3500","4000","6000","6000",,,,,"62.30""7.5","3500","4000","6000","6000",,,,,"66.75""8.0","4000","5000","6000","5500","4800","4200","3700","3500","71.20""9.0","4000","5000","6000","5000","4200","3700","3300","3100","80.10""10.0","4000","5000","5500","4500","3800","3300","3000","3000","89.0""11.0","4000","5000","5000","4000","3400","3300","2800",,"97.9""12.0","4000","5000","4500","3800","3100","2800",,,"106.8""13.0","4000","5000","4000","3600","2900",,,,"115.7""14.0","4000","4500","3800","3300","2700",,,,"124.6""15.0","4500","4300","3600","3100","2500",,,,"133.5""16.0","4500","4300","3400","2000","2400",,,,"142.4""17.0","4500","4000","3200","2700","2200",,,,"151.3""18.0","4500","3900","3000","2600",,,,,"160.2""19.0","4500","3700","2800","2400",,,,,"169.1""20.0","4500","3500","2600","2300",,,,,"178.0""21.0","4000","3300","2500","2200",,,,,"186.9""22.0","4000","3000","2400","2100",,,,,"195.8""23.0","4000","3000","2400","2000",,,,,"204.7""24.0","3500","2800","2200","1900",,,,,"213.6""25.0","3500","2800","2000","1800",,,,,"222.5""注 热轧板的宽度按100mm进级.""铝及铝合金等边等壁工字型材""4,铝及铝合金等边等壁工字型材(XC511)""序 号","主要尺寸(mm)",,,"截面面积 (mm2)","理论重量 (kg/m)","H","B","b"1,"23","38","1.2","1.178","0.327"2,"26","34.5","3.5","3.157","0.875"3,"57","48","8","11.000","3.058"4,"68","38","2.5","3.509","0.976"5,"86","60","6","11.600","3.225""铝及铝合金等边等壁Z字形型材""4,铝及铝合金等边等壁Z字形型材(XC411)""序 号","主要尺寸(mm)",,,"截面面积(cm2)","理论重量(kg/m)",,"序 号","主要尺寸(mm)",,,"截面面积(cm2)","理论重量(kg/m)","H","B","b",,,,,"H","B","b"1,"12.7","15.9","1.6","0.688","0.191",,11,"38","25","3","2.613","0.726"2,"20","15","1.2","0.578","0.163",,12,"44","25","4","3.690","1.001"3,"20","15","1.5","0.721","0.200",,13,"50","19","2.5","2.102","0.584"4,"25","18","1.5","0.885","0.246",,14,"80","30","3","4.020","1.118"5,"25","23","3.5","2.267","0.630",,15,"80","35","4","5.680","1.579"6,"31","25","2.5","1.900","0.528",,16,"80","40","4","6.080","1.690"7,"32","14","1.9","1.000","0.303",,17,"100","30","3","4.620","1.284"8,"34","25","3.5","2.764","0.768",,18,"100","35","4","6.480","1.801"9,"36","26","2.5","2.075","0.577",,19,"100","40","4","6.880","1.913"10,"36","31.5","3.2","2.960","0.823""铝及铝合金槽形型材""3,铝及铝合金槽形型材(XC311)""序 号","主要尺寸(mm)",,,"截面面积(cm2)","理论重量(kg/m)",,"序 号","主要尺寸(mm)",,,"截面面积(cm2)","理论重量(kg/m)","H","B","b",,,,,"H","B","b"1,"13","13","1.6","0.561","0.156",,"31","45","40","3","3.638","1.011"2,"13","34","3.5","2.579","0.717",,"32","46","25","5","4.300","1.195"3,"20","15","1.3","0.620","0.172",,"33","50","20","4","5.331","0.926"4,"21","28","4","2.868","0.797",,"34","50","30","2","2.120","0.589"5,"25","13","2.4","1.134","0.315",,"35","50","30","4","4.131","1.148"6,"25","15","1.5","0.795","0.221",,"36","55","25","5","4.819","1.340"7,"25","18","1.5","0.870","0.242",,"37","55","30","3","3.299","0.917"8,"25","18","2","1.140","0.317",,"38","60","25","4","4.131","1.148"9,"25","20","2.5","1.520","0.423",,"39","60","35","5","6.000","1.668"10,"25","20","4","2.280","0.634",,"40","60","40","4","4.480","1.245"11,"25","25","5","3.250","0.904",,"41","63","38.3","4.8","6.275","1.744"12,"30","15","1.5","0.870","0.242",,"42","64","38","4","5.300","1.473"13,"30","18","1.5","0.960","0.267",,"43","70","25","3","3.449","0.959"14,"30","20","2","1.335","0.371",,"44","70","25","5","5.500","1.529"15,"30","22","6","3.870","1.076",,"45","70","26","3.2","3.700","1.028"16,"32","25","1.8","1.437","0.399",,"46","70","30","4","4.931","1.371"17,"32","25","2.5","1.925","0.535",,"47","70","40","5","7.080","1.968"18,"35","20","2.5","1.770","0.492",,"48","75","45","5","7.831","2.177"19,"35","30","2","1.833","0.510",,"49","80","30","4.5","6.010","1.671"20,"38","50","5","6.560","1.824",,"50","80","35","4.5","6.414","1.783"21,"40","18","2","1.453","0.404",,"51","80","35","6","8.280","2.302"22,"40","18","2.5","1.795","0.499",,"52","80","40","4","6.131","1.704"23,"40","18","3","2.129","0.592",,"53","80","40","6","8.900","2.474"24,"40","21","4","2.960","0.823",,"54","80","60","4","7.480","2.079"25,"40","25","2","1.730","0.481",,"55","90","50","6","10.680","2.969"26,"40","25","3","2.549","0.709",,"56","100","40","6","10.080","2.802"27,"40","30","3.5","3.250","0.904",,"57","100","48","6.3","11.550","3.211"28,"40","32","3","2.978","0.828",,"58","100","50","5","9.580","2.663"29,"40","50","4","5.280","1.468",,"59","128","40","9","17.100","4.754"30,"45","20","3","2.370","0.659""冷拔(轧)无缝钢管1""2,冷拔(轧)无缝钢管(YB231-70)""外径 (mm)","壁 厚 (mm)","0.25","0.30","0.40","0.50","0.60","0.80","1.0","1.2",1.4,"1.5",1.6,1.8,"2.0","2.2","2.5","2.8","3.0","3.2","3.5","4.0","4.5","5.0","钢 管 理 论 重 量 (kg/m)""50",,,,,,,"1.21","1.44","1.68","1.79","1.91","2.14","2.37","2.59","2.93","3.25","3.48","3.70","4.01","4.54","5.05","5.55""(51)",,,,,,,"1.23","1.47","1.71","1.83","1.96","2.18","2.42","2.64","2.99","3.32","3.55","3.79","4.10","4.64","5.16","5.67""53",,,,,,,"1.28","1.53","1.78","1.91","2.03","2.27","2.52","2.76","3.11","3.46","3.70","3.94","4.27","4.83","5.38","5.92""(54)",,,,,,,"1.31","1.59","1.82","1.94","2.07","2.31","2.56","2.81","3.18","3.53","3.77","4.02","4.36","4.93","5.49","6.04""56",,,,,,,"1.36","1.62","1.89","2.02","2.15","2.40","2.66","2.92","3.30","3.66","3.92","4.17","4.53","5.13","5.71","6.29""(57)",,,,,,,"1.38","1.65","1.92","2.05","2.18","2.45","2.71","2.97","3.36","3.74","4.00","4.25","4.62","5.23","5.83","6.41""60",,,,,,,"1.46","1.74","2.02","2.16","2.31","2.58","2.86","3.13","3.55","3.94","4.22","4.49","4.88","5.52","6.16","6.78""63",,,,,,,"1.53","1.83","2.13","2.27","2.42","2.71","3.01","3.30","3.72","4.15","4.44","4.73","5.13","5.81","6.49","7.14""65",,,,,,,"1.58","1.89","2.20","2.35","2.50","2.80","3.11","3.40","3.85","4.29","4.59","4.89","5.31","6.02","6.71","7.40""(68)",,,,,,,"1.65","1.98","2.36","2.46","2.62","2.93","3.26","3.57","4.04","4.49","4.81","5.12","5.57","6.31","7.05","7.77""70",,,,,,,"1.70","2.03","2.37","2.53","2.70","3.02","3.35","3.68","4.16","4.36","4.96","5.23","5.74","6.51","7.27","8.01""(73)",,,,,,,"1.78","2.12","2.47","2.64","2.82","3.16","3.50","3.84","4.35","4.84","5.18","5.52","6.00","6.81","7.60","8.38""75",,,,,,,"1.82","2.18","2.54","2.71","2.90","3.24","3.60","3.95","4.46","4.97","5.32","5.68","6.17","7.00","7.82","8.62""(76)",,,,,,,"1.85","2.21","2.57","2.76","2.94","3.29","3.65","4.00","4.53","5.05","5.40","5.75","6.26","7.10","7.93","8.75""80",,,,,,,,,"2.71","2.90","3.09","3.47","3.84","4.22","4.77","5.32","5.69","6.07","6.60","7.49","8.37","9.24""(83)",,,,,,,,,"2.82","3.02","3.21","3.60","4.00","4.37","4.96","5.52","5.92","6.31","6.86","7.79","8.71","9.62""85",,,,,,,,,"2.88","3.08","3.29","3.69","4.09","4.48","5.08","5.66","6.06","6.46","7.04","7.98","8.93","9.83""(89)",,,,,,,,,"3.02","3.24","3.45","3.86","4.29","4.70","5.33","5.94","6.36","6.77","7.38","8.38","9.38","10.33""90",,,,,,,,,"3.05","3.27","3.49","3.91","4.34","4.76","5.39","6.01","6.43","6.86","7.47","8.47","9.49","10.47""95",,,,,,,,,"3.21","3.46","3.68","4.13","4.59","5.02","5.70","6.36","6.81","7.26","7.90","8.98","10.04","11.10"100,,,,,,,,,"3.40","3.64","3.88","4.35","4.83","5.30","6.00","6.70","7.17","7.65","8.32","9.46","10.59","11.70""(102)",,,,,,,,,"3.46","3.73","3.97","4.45","4.93","5.40","6.13","6.84","7.32","7.81","8.50","9.67","10.82","11.96""(108)",,,,,,,,,"3.67","3.95","4.21","4.72","5.23","5.74","6.50","7.25","7.77","8.29","9.02","10.26","11.49","12.70"110,,,,,,,,,"3.74","4.03","4.28","4.81","5.32","5.84","6.62","7.39","7.92","8.43","9.19","10.46","11.70","12.93"120,,,,,,,,,,"4.36","4.66","5.25","5.83","6.38","7.24","8.07","8.66","9.22","10.06","11.44","12.93","14.30"125,,,,,,,,,,,,"5.46","6.06","6.64","7.54","8.42","9.02","9.61","10.50","11.91","13.37","14.80"130,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"7.86","8.78","9.40","10.00","10.92","12.43","13.92","15.48""(133)",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"8.05","8.98","9.59","10.25","11.18","12.75","14.26","15.75"140,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"10.11","10.79","11.80","13.42","15.05","16.65"150,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"10.85","11.52","12.65","14.39","16.11","17.85"160,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"13.53","15.38","17.25","19.09"170,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"14.31","16.31","18.35","20.30"180,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"15.20","17.30","19.50","21.59"190,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"18.29","20.60","22.80"200,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"19.67","21.65","24.00""冷拔(轧)无缝钢管2""2,冷拔(轧)无缝钢管(YB231-70)""外径 (mm)","壁 厚 (mm)","3.0","3.2","3.5","4.0","4.5","5.0","5.5","6.0","6.5","7.0","7.5","8.0","8.5","9","9.5","10",11,12,"钢 管 理 论 重 量 (kg/m)""5""6""7""8""9""10","0.518","0.536","0.561""11","0.592","0.615","0.647""12","0.666","0.694","0.734","0.789""(13)","0.740","0.774","0.820","0.888""14","0.814","0.852","0.906","0.986""(15)","0.888","0.932","0.993","1.09","1.17","1.23""16","0.962","1.10","1.08","1.18","1.28","1.35""(17)","1.04","1.09","1.17","1.28","1.39","1.48""18","1.11","1.17","1.25","1.38","1.50","1.60""(19)","1.18","1.25","1.34","1.48","1.61","1.73","1.54","1.92""20","1.26","1.33","1.42","1.58","1.72","1.85","1.97","2.07""(21)","1.33","1.41","1.51","1.68","1.83","1.97","2.10","2.22""22","1.41","1.49","1.60","1.77","1.94","2.10","2.24","2.37""(23)","1.48","1.57","1.68","1.87","2.05","2.22","2.37","2.52""(24)","1.55","1.64","1.77","1.97","2.16","2.34","2.51","2.66","2.81","2.93""25","1.63","1.72","1.86","2.07","2.28","2.47","2.64","2.81","2.97","3.11""(27)","1.78","1.88","2.03","2.27","2.50","2.71","2.92","3.11","3.29","3.45""28","1.85","1.96","2.11","2.37","2.61","2.84","3.05","3.26","3.45","3.68""29","1.92","2.02","2.20","2.47","2.72","2.96","3.19","3.40","3.60","3.80","3.98""30","2.00","2.12","2.29","2.56","2.83","3.08","3.32","3.55","3.77","3.97","4.16","4.34""32","2.15","1.28","2.46","2.76","3.05","3.33","3.59","3.85","4.09","4.32","4.53","4.74""34","2.29","2.43","2.63","2.96","3.27","3.58","3.87","4.14","4.41","4.66","4.90","5.13""(35)","2.37","2.51","2.72","3.06","3.38","3.70","4.00","4.29","4.57","4.83","5.09","5.33""36","2.44","2.59","2.81","3.16","3.50","3.82","4.14","4.44","4.73","5.01","5.27","5.52""38","2.59","2.75","2.98","3.35","3.72","4.07","4.41","4.74","5.05","5.35","5.64","5.92","6.18","6.44""40","2.74","2.91","3.15","3.55","3.94","4.32","4.68","5.03","5.37","5.70","6.01","6.31","6.60","6.88""42","2.89","3.07","3.32","3.75","4.16","4.56","4.95","5.33","5.69","6.04","6.38","6.71","7.02","7.32""44.5","3.07","3.25","3.54","4.00","4.44","4.87","5.29","5.70","6.09","6.47","6.84","7.20","7.55","7.88""45","3.11","3.31","3.58","4.04","4.49","4.93","5.36","5.77","6.17","6.56","6.94","7.30","7.65","7.99","8.32","8.63""48","3.33","3.54","3.84","4.34","4.83","5.30","5.76","6.21","6.65","7.08","7.49","7.89","8.28","8.66","9.03","9.57""水,煤气输送钢管""1,水,煤气输送钢管规格,重量表[冶标(YB)234-63]""公称内径",,"钢 管 螺 纹",,"外径 (mm)","普通管",,"加厚管""mm","(in.)",,"壁厚 (mm)","理论重量 (不计管接头) (kg/m)","壁厚 (mm)","理论重量 (不计管接头) (kg/m)""6","1/8''","10","2","0.89","2.50","0.46""8","1/4''","13.5","2.25","0.62","2.75","0.73""10","3/8''","17","2.25","0.82","2.75","0.97""15","1/2''","21.25","2.75","1.25","3.25","1.44""20","3/4''","26.75","2.75","1.63","3.5","2.01""25","1''","33.5","3.25","2.42","4","2.91""32","1 1''/4","42.25","3.25","3.13","4","3.77""40","1 1''/2","48","3.5","3.84","4.25","4.58""50","2''","60","3.5","4.88","4.5","6.16""70","2 1''/2","75.5","3.75","6.64","4.5","7.88""80","3''","88.5","4","8.34","4.75","9.81""100","4''","114","4","10.85","5","13.44""125","5''","140","4.5","15.04","5.5","18.24""150","6''","165","4.5","17.81","5.5","21.63""注(1)表列钢管是适用于输送水,煤气及采暖系统等用的钢管.分镀锌和不镀锌(黑管)两种;又分带螺纹和"" 不带螺纹两种;按壁厚可分为普通钢管,加厚钢管和薄壁钢管."" (2)钢管的长度规定为:无螺纹的黑管4~12m;带螺纹的黑管和镀锌管4~9m.每批允许有10%的(按根数计算)"" 2~4m长的短尺钢管或4~9m米长的接管(即用一个管接头将两根钢管连接而成)."" (3)经供需双方协议,可供应定尺长度或倍尺长度的钢管.其最大长度可到8m.按倍尺交货的钢管,每个单"" 倍尺应留切口5~10mm."" (4)钢管用易焊接的软钢制造,钢号和制造方法(炉焊或电焊)均由制造厂选择."" (5)钢管应能承受下列规定压力的水压试验:普通钢管和薄壁钢管:20kg/cm2;加厚钢管30kg/cm2.""电丝套管""2,电丝套管规格,重量表""名称","外径 (mm)","近似内径 (mm)","管壁厚度 (mm)","重量 (kg/m)","每吨长度 (m/t)""5/8''","15.9","12.3","1.8","0.626","1597.44""3/4''","19.1","15.5","1.8","0.627","1302.08""1''","25.4","21.8","1.8","0.628","954.20""1 1''/4","31.8","28.2","1.8","0.629","750.75""1 1''/2","38.1","34.5","1.8","0.630","620.73""电焊钢管""电焊钢管规格,重量表[冶标(YB)242-68]""外径 (mm)","壁 厚 (mm)",0.5,0.6,0.8,"1.0","1.2","1.4","1.5","1.6","1.8","2.0","2.2","2.5","2.8","3.0","3.2","3.5","3.8","4.0",4.2,4.5,4.8,"5.0",5.5,"钢 管 的 理 论 重 量 (kg/m)""(5)","0.055","0.065","0.083","0.099""(6)","0.068","0.080","0.108","0.123""(7)","0.080","0.095","0.122","0.148""(8)","0.092","0.110","0.142","0.173","(0.202)""(9)","0.105","0.125","0.162","0.197","0.231""10","0.117","0.139","0.182","0.222","(0.261)""(11)","0.129","0.154","0.201","0.247","0.290""12","0.142","0.169","0.221","0.271","0.320","0.365","(0.388)","0.411""(13)",,"0.184","0.241","0.296","0.349","0.400","0.425","0.451""(14)",,"0.199","0.260","0.321","0.379","0.434","0.462","0.490""15",,"0.214","0.280","0.345","0.409","0.468","(0.499)","0.529""16",,"0.228","0.300","0.370","0.438","0.503","(0.536)","0.568""(17)",,"0.244","0.320","0.395","0.468","0.537","0.573","0.608""18",,"0.258","0.340","0.419","0.497","0..572","(0.610)","0.647","(0.717)","(0.789)""(19)",,"0.274","0.359","0.444","0.527","0

冷轧：用热轧钢卷为原料，经酸洗去除氧化皮后进行冷连轧，其成品为轧硬卷，由于连续冷变形引起的冷作硬化使轧硬卷的强度、硬度上升、韧塑指标下降，因此冲压性能将恶化，只能用于简单变形的零件。轧硬卷可作为热镀锌厂的原料，因为热镀锌机组均设置有退火线。轧硬卷重一般在20-40吨，钢卷在常温下，对热轧酸洗卷进行连续轧制。内径为610mm。　　　　产品特点：因为没有经过退火处理，其硬度很高（HRB大于90），机械加工性能极差，只能进行简单的有方向性的小于90度的折弯加工（垂直于卷取方向）。　　　　简单来说，冷轧，是在热轧板卷的基础上加工轧制出来的，一般来讲是热轧---酸洗---冷轧这样的加工过程。　　　　冷轧是在常温状态下由热轧板加工而成，虽然在加工过程因为轧制也会使钢板升温，尽管如此还是叫冷轧。由于热轧经过连续冷变型而成的冷轧，在机械性能比较差，硬度太高。必须经过退火才能恢复其机械性能，没有退火的叫轧硬卷。轧硬卷一般是用来做无需折弯，拉伸的产品，1.0以下厚度轧硬的运气好的两边或者四边折弯。　　　　冷轧一般都会经过退火处理。

冷轧薄钢板，简称冷轧钢板、冷轧薄板、冷轧板、冷板等。它还包括不锈钢板、弹簧钢板、硬钢片、镀锌板、镀锡板、镀铝板等。冷轧薄钢带，简称冷轧钢带、冷轧带钢、钢带、带钢、薄钢带、冷轧卷等。还包括不锈钢带、镀锌钢带、镀锡钢带等。 冷轧钢板标准 冷轧薄钢板、钢带（以下简称冷轧薄板）主要用于零件的冲压加工，而冷轧薄板的力学性能十分重要，它直接关系到板材的冲压性能。冷轧薄板是以不同的热处理状态分级的，不同硬度的材料，用于不同的加工方法，国家标准GB/T 13237-1991《优质碳素结构钢冷轧薄钢板和钢带》将冷轧薄板大致分为三级，P级用于普通冲压，S级用于深度冲压，Z级用于最深度冲压。中国冶金标准YB/T 5059-1993《低碳钢冷轧钢带》将薄钢板按硬度分为五级，即：TR（特级）、R（软）、BR（半软）、DY（低硬）和Y（冷硬）。其实通过一定的冷轧变形程度和冷轧后热处理的恰当配合，可以在广泛的范围内满足用户关于材料力学性能方面的要求。冷轧薄板根据用户加工上的要求可以分成更多的级别。例如：日本工业标准JIS G3141-1996《冷轧碳素钢钢板和钢带》的分类除分为一般用（spcc）、冲压用(spcd)和深冲压用（spce）三类外，还细分为退火、标准调质、1/8硬、1/4硬、1/2硬、全硬等级别。 在冷轧薄板力学性能的检测方面，一些标准只规定了拉伸试验，另一些标准除拉伸试验外还规定了硬度试验。 中国标准GB/T 13237-1991就只规定了拉伸试验，技术要求冷轧钢板标准如表一所示：牌号 抗拉强度/MPa伸长率不小于拉延级别Z－S和PZSP08F275～365275～38034323008,08Al,10F275～390275～41032302810295～410295～43030392815F315～430315～45029282715335～450335～47027262520355～490335～50026252425——390～540——242330——440～590——222135——490～635——201940——510～650————1845——530～680————1650——540～715————14 日本标准JIS G3141-1996《冷轧碳素钢钢板和钢带》（该标准中包含了冷轧薄钢板和钢带）规定了拉伸试验，也规定了硬度试验，该标准的力学性能要求如下：表二：标准调质和退火的钢板、钢带的拉伸试验质牌号抗拉强度/MPa 不小于 伸长率/%不小于试样按以下公称厚度/mm>=0.250.250.400.601.01.6>=2.5SPCC SPCD SPCE(270) 270 270(32) 34 36(34) 36 3836 38 40　 37 39 41 　　 (38) 40 42 　39 41 435号试样轧制方向 表三：标准调质和退火的钢板、钢带的硬度值。调质区分符号 硬度最大HRBHV退火A57105标准调质S65115 注：厚度小于0.6mm的钢板和钢带，原则上不进行拉伸试验。 表四：1/8硬、1/4硬、1/2硬和全硬材料的拉伸试验值。调质区分 符号 抗拉强度/MPa伸长率/%最小试样1/8硬8294～410255号试样轧制方向1/4硬4370～490101/2硬2440～590——硬1>=550——     表五：1/8硬、1/4硬、1/2硬和全硬状态的硬度值。调质区分符号HRBHV1/8硬 1/4硬8450～7165～8095～130 115～1501/2硬 硬2174～89 ≥85135～185 ≥170注：HRB和HV，仅选用其中之一。英国标准BS 1449/1.9-1991《厚板、薄板和钢带第一部分：碳素钢和碳锰钢厚板、薄板和钢带具有成形性能的冷轧窄钢带技术条件》对冷轧板分级为CS1（铝镇静稳定化超深冲）、CS2（超深冲）、CS3（深冲）、CS4（折边）、CS15（商品级）。这项标准的力学性能要求如表六所示： 表六：钢材交货时的力学性能轧制状态和级别退火（A）或平整冷轧（SP）状态硬度HV1)2)最大屈服强度Re1)/MPa最小抗拉强度Rm1)/MPa最小伸长率A1)/%最小弯心直径1)（180°弯曲）原始标距LO50mm80mmCS1A9514027038（36）0aSP10514027036（34）0aCS2A9514027036（34）0a SP10014027036（34）0aCS3A100（140）（280）（34）（32）0aSP110（140）（280）（34）（32）0aCS4A105（140）（280）——0aSP115（140）（280）——0a 注：1）窄钢带交货应符合，或者硬度和弯曲试验，或者拉伸和弯曲试验，但硬度和拉伸试验不应同时进行。     2）对于SP（平整冷轧）状态，与镀层精整（PL）或镜面光洁度（MF），或以“无拉伸痕”交货的钢材组合，最大硬度可以提高5个HV或抗拉强度可以提高20MPa。     3）牌号CS2、CS3和CS4的硬度值仅适用于沸腾钢。 如上所述冷轧薄板的力学性能可以通过拉伸试验来检测，也可以通过硬度试验来检测。由于硬度试验设备简单、易于掌握，试验效率高，并且金属硬度与强度之间有一定的对应关系，所以硬度检测是确定材料力学性能的更方便的方法。冷轧薄板的硬度检测可以用于冷轧板生产过程的质量控制，更适于生产冲压产品的厂家对原材料进行力学性能的复检。 日本工业标准JIS G3141-1996规定的硬度试验是洛氏硬度HRB和维氏硬度HV。维氏硬度试验可用于冷轧薄板，但洛氏硬度HRB却不适用于测试薄板材料。因为当板材厚度小于2mm时，测试HRB硬度可能会因为发生“测砧效应”而使测量的硬度值失准。对于薄板材料，可以测试表面洛氏硬度HRN或HRT，然后换算成HRB或HV硬度。冷轧钢板标准生产了一种便携式表面洛氏硬度计，它非常适合测试薄板和钢带材料，它可以在生产现场、销售现场或材料仓库快速进行冷轧薄板材料的洛氏硬度检测，完成一次测量仅需要10秒钟时间，检测的板材厚度范围为0.05-50mm。这种仪器可以用在冷轧薄板带的生产线上，对产品的热处理效果进行在线的质量控制。这种仪器更适用于冲压产品的生产厂家。可以用它对购入的板材硬度进行复检，可以携带它去钢材市场选购材料，也可以利用它对自己厂生产的冲压产品进行硬度检测。 这种仪器如果配上一个支承座，还可以放到办公桌上使用。可以对成批的成品或半成品工件做逐件检测。它的测试精度与台式洛氏硬度计相同。 目前冷轧薄带材料正在向超薄方向发展，据报道，上海宝钢已扎制出厚度为0.08mm的冷轧薄板带材。采用本所生产的PHR-1S型表面洛氏硬度计，配一个金刚点砧座，就可测试薄至0.05mm冷轧薄板带材料的硬度。 这种应用完全可以取代维氏硬度计，使冷轧薄板材料的力学性能检测实现快速、简便、经济。

冷轧镀锌板，是一种镀锌钢板。钢板按轧制分为热轧和冷轧两种。冷轧板是平板状的，矩形的，可直接轧制而成的。冷轧是在室温条件下将钢板进一步轧薄至为目标厚度的钢板。和热轧钢板比较，冷轧钢板厚度更加精确，而且表面光滑、漂亮，同时还具有各种优越的机械性能，特别是加工性能方面。因为冷轧原卷比较脆硬，不太适合加工，所以通常情况下冷轧钢板要求经过退火、酸洗及表面平整之后才交给客户。冷轧最小厚度是0.1--8.0MM以下，大部份工厂如保定普瑞钢材冷轧钢板厚度是4.5MM以下；最少厚度、宽度是根据各工厂的设备能力和 市场 需求而决定。冷轧和热轧的区别： 1、冷轧成型钢允许截面出现局部屈曲，从而可以充分利用杆件屈曲后的承载力；而热轧型钢不允许截面发生局部屈曲。2、热轧型钢和冷轧型钢残余应力产生的原因不同，所以截面上的分布也有很大差异。冷弯薄壁型钢截面上的残余应力分布是弯曲型的，而热扎型钢或焊接型钢截面上残余应力分布是薄膜型。3、热轧型钢的自由扭转刚度比冷轧型钢高，所以热轧型钢的抗扭性能要优于冷轧型钢。冷轧的优缺点：优点：成型速度快、 产量 高，且不损伤涂层，可以做成多种多样的截面形式，以适应使用条件的需要；冷轧可以使钢材产生很大的塑性变形，从而提高了钢材的屈服点。缺点: 1.虽然成型过程中没有经过热态塑性压缩，但截面内仍然存在残余应力，对钢材整体和局部屈曲的特性必然产生影响；2.冷轧型钢样式一般为开口截面，使得截面的自由扭转刚度较低。在受弯时容易出现扭转，受压时容易出现弯扭屈曲，抗扭性能较差；3.冷轧成型钢壁厚较小，在板件衔接的转角处又没有加厚，承受局部性的集中荷载的能力弱。冷轧镀锌板用于汽车、冰箱、洗衣机等家电，以及 产业 设备、各种建筑材料。

冷轧钢板就是经过冷轧生产的钢板。冷轧是在室温条件下将No.1钢板进一步轧薄至为目标厚度的钢板。和热轧钢板比较，冷轧钢板厚度更加精确，而且表面光滑、漂亮，同时还具有各种优越的机械性能，特别是加工性能方面。因为冷轧原卷比较脆硬，冷轧钢板的密度不太适合加工，所以通常情况下冷轧钢板要求经过退火、酸洗及表面平整之后才交给客户。冷轧最大厚度是0.1--8.0MM以下，如大部份工厂冷轧钢板厚度是4.5MM以下；最少厚度、宽度是根据各工厂的设备能力和市场需求而决定。冷轧钢板的密度：热轧钢板含碳量可比冷轧钢板略高些。在成份相持不大的情况下密度是一样的。但如果成份相差悬殊，如不锈钢不论冷轧、热轧密度都在7.9g/cm3左右。具体还要看成份，热轧只是延展性更好，钢材同样受到压力作用

冷轧板卷是以热轧卷为原料，在室温下在再结晶温度以下进行轧制而成，包括板和卷，国内众多钢厂如宝钢、武钢、鞍钢等均可以生产。其中成张交货的称为钢板，也称盒板或平板；长度很长、成卷交货的称为钢带，也称卷板。 生产过程中由于不进行加热，所以不存在热轧常出现的麻点和氧化铁皮等缺陷，表面质量好、光洁度高。而且冷轧产品的尺寸精度高，产品的性能和组织能满足一些特殊的使用要求，如电磁性能、深冲性能等。  　　规格：厚度为0.2-4mm，宽度为600-2 000mm，钢板长度为1 200-6 000mm。  　　牌号：Q195A-Q235A、Q195AF-Q235AF、Q295A(B)-Q345 A(B)；SPCC、SPCD、SPCE、ST12-15;DC01-06  　　性能：主要采用低碳钢牌号，要求具有良好的冷弯和焊接性能，以及一定的冲压性能。 钢号规格（厚*宽*长）冷轧板规格板0.4*1000*C0.5*1250*C0.35*1000*C 1.0*1000*C0.7*1020*C0.3*1000*C 0.4*1000*C1.5*1000*C2.5*1000*C 2.5*1000*C2.0*1250*C1.5*1250*C 1.0*1250*C1.0*1000*C1.0*1000*2000 1.2*1000*20001.5*1000*20000.5*1000*C 2.0*1000*20003.0*1000*20001.0*1250*2000 1.0*1250*25001.2*1250*20001.2*1250*2500 1.5*1250*20001.5*1250*20002.0*1250*2000 2.0*1250*25002.5*1250*20002.5*1250*2500 3.0*1250*20003.0*1250*25001.0*1250*2500 0.35*1000*20000.4*1000*20000.45*1000*2000 0.5*1000*20000.6*1000*20000.7*1000*2000 0.8*1000*20002.0*1000*20001.2*1000*2000 1.5*1000*20001.0*1250*2000

（二）电工用冷轧硅钢薄板（GB2521-88）  　　用含硅0.8％-4.8％的电工硅钢为材质，经冷轧而成。  　　冷轧硅钢片分晶粒无取向和晶粒取向两种钢带。冷轧电工钢带具有表面平整、厚度均匀、叠装系数高、冲片性好等特点，且比热轧电工钢带磁感高、铁损低。用冷带代替热轧带制造电机或变压器，其重量和体积可减少0％-25％。若用冷轧取向带，性能更佳，用它代替热轧带或低档次冷轧带，可减少变压器电能消耗量45％-50％，且变压器工作性能更可靠。  　　用于制造电机和变压器。通常，晶粒无取向冷轧带用作电机或焊接变压器等的状态；晶粒取向冷轧带用作电源变压器、脉冲变压器和磁放大器等的铁芯。  　　钢板规格尺寸：厚度为0.35、0.50、0.65mm，宽度为800-1000mm，长度为≤2.0m。

冷轧板带用途很广，如汽车制造、电气产品、机车车辆、航空、精密仪表、食品罐头等。 　　冷轧薄钢板是普通碳素结构钢冷轧板的简称，也称冷轧板，俗称冷板，有时会被误写成冷扎板。冷板是由普通碳素结构钢热轧钢带，经过进一步冷轧制成厚度小于4mm的钢板。由于在常温下轧制，不产生氧化铁皮，因此，冷板表面质量好，尺寸精度高，再加之退火处理，其机械性能和工艺性能都优于热轧薄钢板，在许多领域里，特别是家电制造领域，已逐渐用它取代热轧薄钢板。 　　适用牌号：Q195、Q215、Q235、Q275；SPCC（日本牌号）；ST12（德国牌号） 　　符号：冷轧板的用途 　　1、Q—普通碳素结构钢屈服点（极限）的代号，它是“屈”的第一个汉语拼音字母的大小写；195、215、235、255、275—分别表示它们屈服点（极限）的数值，单位：兆帕MPa（N/mm2）；由于Q235钢的强度、塑性、韧性和焊接性等综合机械性能在普通碳素结构钢中属最了，能较好地满足一般的使用要求，所以应用范围十分广泛。 　　2、S-钢（Steel）、P-板（Plate）、C-冷轧（cold）、第四位C-普通级（common）。 　　3、ST-钢（Steel）、12-普通级冷轧薄钢板、　 　　标记：尺寸精度—尺寸—钢板品种标准 　　冷轧钢板：钢号—技术条件标准 　　标记示例：B-0.57501500-GB708-88；钢板、标准号Q/BQB402，牌号SPCC，热处理状态退火+平整（S），表央加工状态为麻面D，表面质量为FB级的切边（切边EC，不切边EM）钢板、厚度0.5mm，B级精度，宽度1000mm，A级精度，长度2000mm，A级精度，不平度精度为PF.A，则标记为：钢板ECQ/BQB 402-SPCC-SD-FB/（0.51000A2000A-PF.A）； 　　冷轧钢板：Q225-GB912-89 　　主要产地有：宝钢、鞍钢、本钢、武钢、邯钢、包钢、唐钢、涟钢、济钢等 　　冷轧普通薄钢板 ：由普通碳素结构钢或低合金结构钢冷轧制成。冷轧板表面质量较好。具有良好的冲压性能。对其要求要保证冷弯和杯试验合格，常用于汽车等行业和镀层板的原料。 　　冷轧优质薄钢板：主要包括各种优质钢冷轧薄板，最常用的是碳素结构钢板，尤其是深冲压用冷轧薄钢板，是由低碳优质钢08Al冷轧的薄板，钢板按表面质量分为三组；Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ，分别表示特别高级、高级、较高的精整表面,按拉延级别分为ZF、HF、F级（代表用于冲制拉延最复杂、很复杂、复杂的零件）,根据钢板厚度允许偏差，又分为A、B两级精度、广泛用于汽车拖拉机工业。 　　冷轧钢板，表面光洁，加工优良，用于汽车、冰箱、洗衣机等家电，以及产业设备、各种建筑材料。随着经济发展，冷轧钢板已被称为现代社会的必须材料。 冷轧产品的分类： 热轧酸洗、轧硬卷、普通冷轧、镀锌（电镀锌、耐指纹、热镀锌）、镀铝锌、电镀锡、彩涂、电工钢（矽钢片）等。 　　1、热轧酸洗：　　2、轧 硬 卷：在常温下，对热轧酸洗卷进行连续轧制。　　产品特点：因为没有经过退火处理，其硬度很高（HRB大于90），机械加工性能极差，只能进行简单的有方向性的小于90度的折弯加工（垂直于卷取方向）。

冷 轧 产 品 品 名        材 质碳 结 板    SPCC、St12、DC01、Q235AB优结钢板   20-45#、08-15#优质碳素钢    08AL低碳深冲板    SC1、SPCE、ST14、DC04 超深冲板  SC2、St15、DC05、SC3、St16、DC06、St17耐腐蚀钢   05CuPCrNi、09CuPCrNi、Q345GNHL 低碳冲压钢   SPCD、ST13、DC03深 冲 板   SPCEN参照： （一）冲压用冷连轧钢带牌号命名方法 1、一般冲压用钢：BLC B——宝钢（BAOSTEEL）缩写；L——低碳（Low Carbon）；C——一般用（Commercial） 2、抗时效性低屈服钢：BLD B——宝钢（BAOSTEEL）缩写；L——低碳（Low Carbon）；D——冲压用（Drawing） 3、非时效性极深冲用钢：BUFD（BUSD） B——宝钢（BAOSTEEL）缩写；U——超级（Ultra）；F——成型（Formability）； D——冲压（Drawing） 4、非时效性超深冲用钢：BSUFD B——宝钢（BAOSTEEL）缩写；SU——超高级（Ultra+Super）；F——成型（Formability）； D——冲压（Drawing） （二）冷成型用高强度冷连轧钢带牌号命名方法 B ××× × × B——宝钢（BAOSTEEL）缩写；×××——最小屈服点值； ×——一般用V、X、Y、Z表示 V：高强度低合金，屈服点与抗拉强度差值无规定 X：V中屈服点最小值与抗拉强度最小值差别70MPa Y：V中屈服点最小值与抗拉强度最小值差别100MPa Z：V中屈服点最小值与抗拉强度最小值差别140MPa ×——氧化物/硫化物夹杂控制（K：镇静、细晶粒；F：K+硫化物控制；O：K、F外） 例：B240ZK、B340VK （三）抗凹陷性冷连轧钢带牌号命名方法 B ××× × × B——宝钢（BAOSTEEL）缩写 ×××——最小屈服点值 ×——强化方式（P：强化；H：烘烤硬化） ×——由1或2表示（1：超低碳；2：低碳） 築210P1：深冲压用高强度钢；B250P2：一般加工用含磷高强度钢；B180H1：深冲用烘烤硬化钢

28日国内不锈钢冷轧上涨幅度在500元左右。据信息研究中心商场监测显现，北京区域，冷卷304/2B的0.5-3.0mm报价在3.20-3.33万元左右(吨价，下同)；热板304/No.1太钢6mm-20mm价位在2.78-3.75万元之间；321圆钢报价在4.70-5.10万元，2Cr13、3Cr13报价在0.94万元左右。佛山区域，冷卷304/2B 0.4-3.0mm张浦报价在3.18-3.33万元左右；无锡区域，冷卷304/2B报价张浦0.4-3.0mm报价在3.32-3.43万元，太钢0.5-3.0mm报价在3.25-3.48万元左右。现商场上仍无会集到货，资源继续严重，报价调高后成交状况欠安。商场304冷轧卷报价较9月出厂报价已高出500元左右，在消费旺季降临、商场库存量不大等有利要素的状况下，部分供应商对后市达观。.

澳大利亚研制出铝冷轧机板型控制新技术澳大利亚工业自动化服务公司日前开发研制出铝冷轧机板型控制新技术，采用铝板带边部热喷淋技术来控制板型，并已成功应用于美国纳西州诺兰达公司的六重铝冷轧机改造。据了解，该技术的铝板带边部热喷淋控制系统由计算机控制软件和边部热喷淋系统组成，在铝板带两边的每一边按装有两个热喷淋装置，每个装置上的喷咀控制范围为25mm区段，由几个喷咀组成一个整体，在轧机工作时实施边部热喷淋，从而决了铝板带边部紧的板型缺陷，提高了轧制速度，增加了每个道次的金属通过量。

板带冷轧机这一多质量、旋转运动体系统，在其高速、瞬态轧制过程中，时常会发生轧机振动现象。当轧制工艺、设备和控制等参数配合良好时，这种振动现象并不会明确体现。但是，一旦轧机运行状态超出对产品的精度要求或设备的承受能力，便会导致轧机振动的频繁发生。在带钢冷连轧过程中经常出现的传动系统扭转振动、垂直振动及垂扭耦合振动等振动形式中，以垂向系统的三倍频振动危害较大，它轻则会对轧件产品的板厚-板形质量指标造成不良的影响，重则会导致轧机设备的损害。　　　　北京科技大学的学者针对高速铝板轧制过程中频繁出现的冷轧机垂直振动现象，结合轧制工艺润滑原理和机械振动理论，建立基于辊缝动态摩擦方程的轧机垂直振动模型。该模型由辊缝几何形状模型，轧辊-轧件工作界面的动态摩擦模型，变形区内的正向轧制应力、摩擦应力分布模型，以及单机架铝板冷轧机二自由度垂向系统结构模型组成。同时，为研究轧辊--轧件工作界面动态摩擦机制影响下的冷轧机垂振机理及系统稳定性，采用某厂单机架铝轧机设备及工艺参数，搭建Matlab/Simulink平台，分别模拟仿真轧制压力和正向轧制应力曲线，验证该模型的有效性；并讨论分析了变形区混合摩擦状态，轧辊--轧件表面粗糙度、轧件入口厚度与系统稳定性的关系。

中色万基铝加工有限公司1450冷轧机试车成功12月16日23时45分，中色万基铝加工有限公司1450冷轧机一次带料试车成功。靠前卷厚度为0.7mm、重达5吨的铸轧卷以36米/秒的轧速通过冷轧机，10分钟后，顺利地完成了靠前道次，变为0.5mm。12月18日上午，中色万基1450冷轧线试生产开机仪式在冷轧部隆重举行。河南省委常委、洛阳市委书记孙善武及新安县四大领导班子参加了开机仪式。院党委书记张策、中色科技总经理吴跃武、副总经理刘劲波、王思臣、余铭臬和工业所、装备所领导及相关人员也参加了开机仪式。中色万基副懂事长王清凯主持开机仪式。中色万基总经理郭峰介绍了中色万基的建设情况。在仪式上，院党委书记张策代表懂事长王京海宣读了董事会贺信。在阵阵鞭炮声中，市委书记孙善武按动了开关，冷轧机徐徐转动，现场响起了热烈的掌声。1450冷轧机带料试车成功，掀开了中色万基铝板带工程建设史上新的一页，为喜迎新年献上了一份厚礼。下一阶段，中色万基将进行冷轧机及相关设备的安装调试。建设者们表示，公司上下要以取得的成绩为新起点，总结经验，再接再励，连续作战，继续扎实、细致的做好各项工作，为早日创造经济效益再立新功

登电集团铝加工有限公司新上马的一台￠360/960×1450mm冷轧机于9月份试车成功，10月份将步入正常生产阶段。　　该公司于1997年开始筹建，拥有￠680×1600mm铸轧机两台，￠1000×1850mm铸轧机两台，￠380/1050×1800mm四重不可逆全液压冷轧机一台，年生产板、带、箔能力可达6万吨。公司原有的￠380/1050×1800mm冷轧机生产品种单一，不能满足用户的需求，尤其是生产窄料时成本高，降低了公司的利润空间。为了满足用户要求，公司决定新上一台￠360/960×1450mm冷轧机，专门生产窄料。公司在流动资金十分困难的情况下，多方筹措资金，克服重重困难，在2006年5月份开始安装￠360/960×1450mm冷轧机，7月底安装结束，创造了国内轧机安装较短时间之较。这台轧机主机电机功率大，冷却系统全部采用水冷式冷却，较大的轧制力可减少轧制道次，能够提高生产率，有效降低了窄料的生产成本。    该轧机设计轧制较薄厚度为0.08mm,试车时轧制到了0.06mm。目前，正计划投入使用，以后将以生产PS版基坯料为主。该轧机的投产，对产品的多元化、调整产品结构及新产品开发有着积极的推进作用，将会为铝加工公司创造一个新的经济增长点。

某研究所对酸性硫脉解吸产出贵液中金、银提取的小型电解实验标明，选用石墨阳极和预处理钛板阴极，于离子改换膜的阻隔电解槽中，存常温和面积电流10A／m2、极距离20mm，电积4～8h，金的电积回收率均大于99%。 在上述条件下进行的中型（60L∕d）接连实验，选用三只串联呈阶梯安置的电解槽。每块阴极板面积为50.8cm2。阳极液为3%H2SO4。阳极液为含金2680mg∕L的硫酸酸性解吸液，以0.5mL∕min流速从阴极室下部供入，再溢流进入下一槽。中型接连实验成果：金的电积回收率大于99%，尾液含金低于10mg／L，阴极堆积物含于99%。与小试成果相符。 在小型实验中，还进行了多项条件比照，探究出如下特色：（1）当运用不锈钢板作阳极、钛板作阴极时，阳极腐蚀严峻，使电解尾液中Fe含量增大9倍；（2）当运用石墨阳极和钢棉阴极时，钢棉在酸性液中简单开裂，金的电积率和电流功率都很低；（3）当不运用隔阂电解槽而选用无隔阂拌和电解槽时，会在阳极上严峻氧化生成SO而发生很多白色沉淀物。它不但会污染阴极堆积物，恶化电解进程，还会下降金的电积速度，并形成阴极金的反溶；（4）在槽电压0.75～2.0V范围内，阴极堆积物主要是Au、Ag，其他杂质很少；（5）选用隔阂电解槽，电积进程是在近于静态条件下进行，电解液流速愈小愈有利于金的电积。在此低电解液流速下，电流密度也不宜过大。实验曾别离选用10～50A／m2的电流密度，成果标明10A／m2时电流功率最高。跟着电流密度的上升，金的电积率虽有添加，但由流功率急剧下降。当超越20A∕m2时，电流功率比10A／m2下降1倍，金的电积率也呈下降趋势；（6）电解进程中金在阴极分出的速度很快，1h金的电积回收率就达70%，4h到达99%以上。跟着时刻的延伸，金的电积回收率虽稍有添加，但电流功率愈来愈低。若想再进步金的电积回收率，后期应下降电流密度。但由于电解尾液可回来解吸进程运用，时刻的延伸有无必要应从经济角度上考虑；（7）钛板阴极在运用前应经预先处理，以改进钛板的表面功能，增强金的粘附力，并使阴极堆积金均匀细密。运用未经处理的钛板，板上堆积的金疏松易掉落，会使电解无法正常进行，且电耗增大，并影响电金的质量。

垣曲冶炼厂电解车间1#系统首槽尝试艾萨法生产阴极铜顺利出槽，标志着垣曲冶炼厂电解车间利用艾萨法生产阴极铜初获成功。垣曲冶炼厂副厂长李永春，集团公司计量检验部质量管理科科长邓小峰现场观看了出铜情况。 　　采取艾萨法生产阴极铜，就是在电解槽阳极铜中间插入钛板或不锈钢板，使其两面吸附铜离子的方法，钛板或不锈钢模板将成为永久阴极可以重复循环利用。我国江铜集团是国内首次采用艾萨电解法生产高纯阴极铜的企业。 　　为了使集团公司阴极铜的生产技术进入先进行列，垣曲冶炼厂电解车间决定利用车间现有的备用钛板替代不锈钢母板，进行艾萨法生产阴极铜的大胆尝试。5月4日开始装槽试验，在电解生产期间，车间技术组每日观察该槽阴极铜的析出情况并做好详细记录，经过十天的电解生产，于5月14日顺利出槽，成功生产出高纯阴极铜。 　　此次尝试，为垣曲冶炼厂电解车间采用艾萨法生产阴极铜提供了科学的依据和宝贵的操作经验。

钛在建筑领域的应用虽已有近30年的历史，但被用于装饰领域是在20世纪8年代后期。钛的本色是银灰色，可氧化着色，还可通过腐蚀处理获得凹凸浮雕图案、文字等。用钛制作雕塑，色彩斑斓，更富有艺术性和装饰性。因此倍受建筑师们的青睐。　　1988年，日本用3.0mm厚的抛光钛板制作了西部气体总社的花气塔纪念碑。1998年日本TIG公司制作了长野冬奥会的圣火台。其内侧和正面用了厚2.0mm～3.0mm钛板1．5t，钛板经镜面抛光。1999年在北九州高炉台公园纪念碑、熊本市水道局纪念碑、新日铁八幡制铁所劳动会馆纪念碑、大分智慧纪念碑、古贺市福利会馆纪念碑及塔屋壁面装饰、君津车站主体及装饰柱、北九州市电梯壁面等均使用了钛材。钛的应用为现代化的大都市增添了一道靓丽的风景线，使建筑物更加气派辉煌，使人们对钛充满了神奇感和高科技感。　　我国钛在装饰领域中的应用最早始于宝鸡有色金属加工厂。1987年由宝鸡有色金属加工厂制造的钛雕塑“海豚与人”作为一重要景观坐落于陕西省宝鸡市河滨公园内，用钛量约1 t。1989年宝鸡有色金属加工厂又为北京海洋研究所制造了同样的“海豚与人”。1999年宝鸡有色金属加工钛设备制造公司受河北省邢台市建设委员会委托，为邢台市中心广场设计制造了大型钛雕塑“乾坤球”。该雕塑总高为6m，全部用钛制造，用钛量约2.5t，底座内安装有传动装置，使球体每15min旋转一周。球为地球模型，球面上有蔚蓝色的海洋和钛本色的陆地，并标有世界各大河流和世界名城，其做工精湛，色彩明快，气势宏伟，堪称中国一绝，为世界钛球之最。　　2001年4月宝鸡有色金属加工厂又制造了大型钛雕塑“雄鸡报晓”，为宝鸡市步行街增添一处新景观。该雕塑属抽象派作品，整体高度8.2m，鸡翅膀长达1．8m，质量达2t多。采用了纯钛、钛合金及钛钢复合材料制作。在制作过程中还采用了等离子氮化技术，使之呈现柔和的金黄色，使雕塑更富艺术性，令人赏心悦目。　　随着我国申办2008年奥运会成功，将有大量的体育场馆设施等在北京及其它城市兴建，钛作为特殊的建筑装饰材料必将会得到广泛的应用。

（一）废铜类： 红铜线、红铜板、红铜管、高精磷铜、国产磷铜、镀铜、镀白黄铜、红铜沙、黄铜沙、青铜65、青铜62、白铜   （二）废金属： 铝型材板料、铅线、机生铝、锌合金、锌渣，不锈钢316、不锈钢304   （三）电镀类：  铜镀金、塑料镀金、线路版镀金、废金水、库存金盐、铁镀银、银焊点、银焊条、纯银   （四）稀有金属：  镍块、镍合金、钛板、钛合金、钼丝、线路板匡料、覆铜板、锡膏、无铅锡、含银锡、锡灰、含锡电子脚。  .

前语　　钛因其优秀的耐腐蚀性而被很多用作各种化学反应容器、热交换器材料，但缺陷是本钱较高。特别是作为结构部件运用时这个问题尤为杰出，有用的解决办法就是运用钛钢复合板。钛与普通钢的复合材称之为钛钢复合材，既有钛的耐蚀性，又有普通钢板作为结构物的强度，重要的是本钱也大幅度下降了。近年来，钛钢复合板又增添了新用处，即在海洋土木范畴开端适用于钢结构物的防蚀材。这不仅是因其本钱较低，作为主体的钢结构物的焊接装置来看，也有必要选用钛钢复合板。　　钛钢复合板的概述　　何谓钛钢复合板？　　在《英和词典》上的「CLAD」是指「特别是将防蚀金属包覆在其他金属上」。《钢铁便览》上的「复合钢板」则是指将「一般普通钢板与其它金属复合」。即钛钢复合板是指将在一般普通钢板的表面用耐蚀性好的金属钛包覆，普通钢板的耐蚀性天然就提高了。　　在JIS标准中，该板首要用于压力容器、锅炉、核反应堆、 贮存器等，选用的均是厚度达8mm以上的复合钢，其规格号为G3603。　　钛钢复合板的前史日本钛加工材的出产始于1954年，钛钢复合板则始于1962年。那时的出产办法称之为「爆破复合法」，凭仗的迸发能而接合的一种办法。1986年开发了热轧法，厚板轧制法。1990年又开发了接连热轧带卷的出产法，首要是指薄板的出产。　　钛钢复合板的运用范畴　　爆破法、厚板轧制法制作的钛钢复合板为厚板，其用处首要用作耐蚀性结构材料。高纯度对酞酸设备等的化工设备、冷凝器的管板用在发电设备上。　　接连热轧制作的钛钢复合板为薄板，首要用在海洋钢结构物的面料，运用范畴为海洋土木。 钛钢复合板的制作办法　　一般复合钢板的制作办法有：填充金属钢锭轧制法、爆破复合法、轧制压接法、堆焊法等。钛钢复合板的场合，考虑到钛的特性，工业上常选用爆破复合法或轧制压接法，而实践的出产办规律包含①爆破复合法，轧制压接法又包含②厚板轧制法③与接连热轧法。爆破复合法通常是在常温下进行的，轧制压接法是将板拼装、加热轧制。爆破复合法 　　爆破复合法的关键:首要将欲压接的2张金属板之间坚持必定距离放置,在其上面再放上适量。由的一端起爆，爆破速度每秒数千米，凭仗该迸发能钛板从基材钢板的视点磕碰。在该磕碰点基材钢板与钛板因十分大的变形速度与超高压下显示出流体行为，两金属表面的氧化膜、气体吸附层作为金属喷流而排除去，洁净的面与面之间的接合就在瞬间完结，称之为冷接合。　　选用该法制作的钛钢复合板可持续热轧至板厚为4mm，所以又称为爆破复合法。厚板轧制法　　厚板轧制法开始将钛板（复合材）与钢板（基材）以嵌入式的板坯拼装。这时，在钛板与钢材之间放入适宜的中间嵌入材，再在高真空下选用电子束焊接。最终放入加热炉加热后，在厚板轧机上强压轧到所要求的厚度，这样钛板与钢板则真实接合了。最终将外围切开，别离为2张板。接连热轧法　　接连热轧法与厚板轧制法根本相同，所不同的是2张板中间参加的是钢板，在大气下进行电弧焊接，最终在接连热轧机上接连轧至所要求的厚度，以带卷方式取出。最终将外围切开，别离为2张板。[next]运用范畴：　　设备范畴在设备范畴的运用首要是指从前所述的相似的对酞酸制作设备的化工设备、发电厂用冷凝器管板的电力设备。特别是电力范畴的发货量已累计到达1000张以上。该范畴是钛钢复合板的支柱产业。最近的论题：造纸厂的漂白处理槽、污水处理厂的次亚氯严苛钠处理槽也在运用钛钢复合板。海洋土木范畴　　海洋结构物的保护问题　　日本四面临海,经济活动的基地设在近海区,跟着经济开展的需求，流转、交通、城市功用等设备的空间正在使用海域，而且从曩昔的内海、内湾的浅海域向现在的外海、深海域开展。为此,日本设立了超大型浮式技术研究小组,对数公里规划,经用100年的超大型浮式海洋构筑物进行了理论研究和实地试验。而钛材具有优秀的腐蚀功能,在海水环境下溶出离子很少,无毒性,不用忧虑污染环境等长处,因而成为海洋构筑物的首选材料。钛钢复合板的开发　　正如表1所述的那样,钛在活动的海水中具有十分优秀的耐蚀性,现在有两种办法使钛材可以作为海洋构筑物防蚀材。一种是把钛薄板和有机系防蚀材制成复合包覆材;第二种办法是用钛钢复合板包覆焊接到新建的建筑物上。就第二种办法而言,尚存在二种问题,其一就是将钛作为面料的接合问题。仅钛单独用作构筑物在经济上是不成立的。只要充分发挥钛的耐蚀功能,将构筑物主体用钢制作才是经济的。然而将钛 直接与铁焊接构成的脆性金属间化合物也是不实用的。只要将钛与钢选用热轧一体化工艺的「钛钢复合板」,将复合板的钢部分焊接接合将钢构筑物的主体上,再使用复合材钛的防蚀性。其二钛钢复合板的尺度问题。以前因不能制作出钛钢复合薄板,用该材作为面料材时因板太厚使其尺度与形状受到限制。因而选用薄钢板制作工艺时选用接连热轧机,其厚度只要5mm的线圈状钛复合薄钢板。该复合钢板的接合强度约150-200MPa,略高于日本标准JIS-G3603所规则的值,适协作防蚀材料面料材。　　这种钛钢复合薄板的长处在于:(1)钛在海水中根本上不腐蚀,钛金属离子也不会溶出;(2)钛生物体没有毒性,对周围的生态环境没有影响;(3)假如钛能在超长时间时间内不发生腐蚀,那么对环境而言将是一种极友爱的材料 。　　　　　　　　　表1 在活动海水中的各种金属离子的腐蚀速度　　　　　　　　碳钢 　　钢　　Zn　　Al　　Cu-Ni 　合金　Ti　　　　　　　　150 　　　5 　　50　　8 　　20　　　　　<1在海洋构筑物的运用　　现在在横须贺缔造了一个超大型浮式海洋构筑物,在海水飞沫冲刷处运用了钛钢复合材。新开发的钛钢复合板根本上与高档不锈钢的制作本钱相同。在东京湾横跨路途的建设中就运用了钛材做桥墩的防溅躯干,每个桥墩的钛材用量为0.9t(表2)。[next]　　　　　　　　　　　　　　表2 日本钛钢复合板面料防蚀的适用例　　　　　工程期限 　　项目名称 　　　数量 　防蚀高度 　防蚀面积　用量　　　　　91.1~93.10 东京湾横跨路途桥墩 12脚　　5.0m 　　　2200m　　80t　　　　　94.11~953 纹别冰海展望塔下部　1基 　　7.0m　　　　200m　　7t　　　　　95.8~96.7 大型浮式包覆试验　　3处　 　2.0m 　　　　30m　　1t　　　　　98.11~99.2 梦舞浮式大桥桥墩 　2脚 　　2.4m 　　　1000m　　36t　　　　　02.1~02.12 港口安全岛冲衔接桥 8脚 　　4.7m　　　　800m　　30t　　　　　　合　计 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　4230m　　154t结束语　　钛钢复合板自诞生以来已阅历了40多年,其首要的运用范畴冷凝器管板已用了1000张以上。另一方面，在海洋土木也开端运用，并将有更多的时机。钛钢复合板就是有用地使用了钛的优秀的耐蚀性与钢材的强度,在本钱上到达了最佳期组合,往后等待在这方面有更进一步的开展。

钛为轻金属之一，近十余年来成为新世代受瞩目的高级材料。目前在全球的钛材市场，仍以传统的航天及工业等用途为主，钛除了有质轻（比重4.5，远小于钢铁的7.8~8.1）的特性之外，其它如：导电、耐热及防蚀方面也都因其较佳的特性而有独特的用途，如：海水淡化用的管线/冷凝器、机车用排气管等都是钛材应用十分成功的地方。在目前信息电子产品应用轻金属作为机壳构件的热潮中，钛金属（包括钛合金）由于其具有高强度、高耐蚀性及极佳的表面质感，看起来应是十分适合用来作为可携式信息电子产品的机壳材料，因此也一直都是深受瞩目的材料，其应用产品也都不断地在高阶产品有应用例，如：相机、笔记型计算机及手机的机壳等）。但由于钛材的成本高昂直接导致加工后的制品价格亦较高，以手机的机壳为例，若以工程塑料制造，则制品一整套的手机机壳通常只须3~5美元（新台币约100~170元）就可完全涵盖，钛/钛合金制品每一件（piece）的价格则高达新台币约150元以上，不仅远高于铝合金制品，也较镁合金制品高甚多，为目前各种常用的结构材之最高者。因此钛材在3C产品方面，通常只被用于高阶的3C产品，如：高阶的手机/笔记型计算机、高级相机、纪念品等高档产品，这是钛/钛合金制品难以普及的最大原因。到目前为止，基于成本理由，系统业者尚无法将其应用至中阶及以下的产品。     钛/钛合金制品为何如此高价，其主要原因为钛材的成本高昂，以手机的机壳用的高级钛板片材而言，每公斤的价格通常高达新台币约1,000元以上，相较之下，镁合金压铸锭的价格，每公斤仅约新台币约80元，差距甚大。钛材的成本如此高昂，主要原因为：钛金属的提炼/精炼及板片制造成本较高，导致其金属素材成本（指：锭、板/片、棒/线、型）较常用的钢铁及铝合金材料为高；表一为钛金属与钢、铝的制造成本的比较，显示钛金属自原料矿的处理、提炼至金属、精炼至压延锭、压延至薄片，每一阶段的制造成本都比钢、铝的成本高甚多，导致其板片材的成本自然居高不下。     钛板片材的成型加工（铸/锻/挤）成本也不比钢铁、铝/镁合金及塑料材料便宜，因此钛金属的制品价格常比钢铁、铝/镁合金及塑料高甚多，这在处处讲求成本的商业世界十分不利，此为钛金属在商业应用上最大的障碍，尤其钛薄板及镁板的价格实非一般的产品所能承担。     目前虽然有全球各地的钛合金专家在倾全力研究，但迄未有良方可以降低钛/钛合金制品的价格，因此钛在3C产品上的应用在中短期内难以看到其大幅度的开展。

电解回收法是回收铜的一种很有效的方法，主要是通过从qing化废镀铜液中来回收铜，是一种最古老最有效的方法。用这种方法来回收有色金属，具有成本低、设备简单、电解液可回收、回收的金属纯度高、过程易自动化等优势。下面来详细介绍该电解回收法：qing化废镀铜液中铜回收技术。qing化物镀铜是指镀液以qing化Na作络合剂，络合铜离子，也就是铜qing络合物和一定量的游离qing化物组成，呈强碱性。在qing化镀铜废液中，铜以Cu(CN)3-4和Cu(CN)2-4等配位阴离子形态存在。电解法 回收金属铜 时，用石墨作阳极，钛板作电解阴极，以碱性铜水溶液为电解液，在阴极板上得到金属铜，同时伴随着H2的产生，在阳极上则有氧气产生，其电极反应如下。&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 阴极反应Cu(CN)3-4+e&rarr;Cu+4CN-&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Cu(CN)2-4+2e&rarr;Cu+4CN-&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 同时，不同程度地伴随着H2的析出2H2O+2e&rarr;H2&uarr;+2OH-&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 阳极反应40H--4e&rarr;O2+2H2O&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 此外，在一定条件下，CN-也可能有极少量氧化分解。&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; CN-+2OH--2e&rarr;CNO-+H2O&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 电解时，槽电压、电解温度、极间距等电解参数与qing化镀铜废液中的铜含量、其他金属元素的种类和含量等诸多因素有关，这些电解参数一般根据具体的电解设备和废液含量等，经过小试确定，不能一概而论。&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 在阴极上电解析铜后，余液的CN-浓度较高，不能随意排放。综合利用的方法是将这类电解残余液作为采矿矿或选冶过程中的qing化物来源。如果没有条件，可以把电解残余液作为含qing废液进行处理。

摘要本文说尽论述了钛及钛合金的材料特色及焊接性、并针对钛及钛合金焊接中易发生氧化、裂纹、气孔筹焊接缺点，进行了焊接性实验。能过对钛及钛合金焊接工艺规范的不断探索，以及对实验进程呈现的间题的合理分析，总结出钛及钛合金焊接工艺特色及操作办法。    一、钛及钛的分类及特色    国产工业纯钛有TA1, TA2, TA3三种，其差异在于含氢氧氮杂质的含量不同，这些杂质使工业纯钛强化，可是塑性明显下降。工业纯钛虽然强度不高，但塑性及耐性优秀，尤其是具有杰出的低温冲击耐性;一起具有杰出的抗腐蚀功能。所以，这种材料多用于化学工业、石油工业等，实际上多用于350℃以下的工作条件。    依据钛合金退火状况的室温安排，可将钛合金分为三种类型:    om钛合金、(W+因型钛合金及B型钛合金。    理钛合金中，运用较多的是TA4、TA5, TA6型的Ti一AI系合金和TAY, TA8型的Ti+AI+Sn合金。这种合金室温下，其强度可到达931N/m2,并且在高温下(500℃以下)功能安稳，可焊性杰出。    B型钛合金在我国的运用量较少，其运用范围有待进一步扩展。    二、钛及钛合金的焊接性    钛及钛合金的焊接功能，具有许多明显特色，这些焊接特色是因为钛及钛合金的物理化学功能决议的。　　     2.焊接接头裂纹问题    钛及钛合金焊接时，焊接接头发生热裂纹的可能性很小，这是因为钛及钛合金中5,P, C等杂质含量很少，由5, P构成的低熔点共晶不易呈现在晶界上，加之有用结晶温度区间窄小，钛及钛合金凝结时缩短量小，焊缝金属不会发生热裂纹。    钛及钛合金焊准时，热影响区可呈现冷裂纹，其特征是裂纹发生在焊后数小时乃至更长时刻称作推迟裂纹。经研讨标明这种裂纹与焊接进程中的分散有关。焊接进程中氢由高温深池向较低温的热影响区分散，氢含量的进步使该区分出TiH2量添加，增大热影响区脆性，别的因为氢化物分出时体积胀大引起较大的安排应力，再加上氢原子向该区的高应力部位分散及集合，致使构成裂纹。避免这种推迟裂纹发生的办法，首要是削减焊接接头氢的来历，发票时，也呆进行冥空遏火处理。    3.焊缝中的气孔问题    钛及钛合金焊接时，气孔是常常碰到的问题。构成气孔的底子原因是因为氢影响的成果。焊缝金属构成气孔首要影响到接头的疲劳强度。    避免发生气孔的工艺办法首要有:    (1)、维护氖气要纯，纯度应不低于99.99%    (2)、彻底清除焊件表面、焊丝表面上的氧化皮油污等有机物。    (3)、对熔池施以杰出的气体维护，操控好气的沛量乃流速，避免发生紊流现象，影响维护作用。    (4)、正确挑选焊接工艺参数，添加深池停留时刻运用权于气泡逸出，可有用地削减气孔。[next]    三、钛板手艺钨板弧焊焊接实验    钛及钛合金焊接生产中运用最多是钨板弧焊，真空充焊接办法运用也很遍及。弧焊的电弧在气流的维护与冷却作用下，电弧热量较为会集，电流密度高，热影响区小，焊接质量较高。    1.钛及钛合金焊接时，当温度高于500'C -700℃时，很4y易OA收空气中的气、氢和氮，严峻影响焊接质量。因而，钛及钛合金焊接时，对熔池全面及高温部信(400℃650℃以上)的焊缝区有必要严加维护，为此，钛及钛合金焊接时有必要采纳特殊的维护办法，即选用喷尺度较大的焊矩，以扩展气体维护区面积，当喷嘴缺乏以维护焊缝及近缝区高温金属时，需附充维护拖罩。    焊缝和近缝区色彩是维护作用的标翅。雪白色表明维护作用最好，黄色为细微氧化，一般是答应的。表面色彩应契合表(封规则 考虑到工程运用的实用性、高效性，咱们先制备了一个简易拖罩。如图(a)，气从进气口进入散布管，穿过散布管孔直接进入维护区。选用这种拖罩，焊接维护作用不是很好，焊道呈深蓝色。据分析是气流从散布管直接进入维护区。气流不是很均匀、平稳，使高温焊道维护欠好被氧化。因而咱们进一步改进了拖罩的结构，如图(b)，气从进气孔进入散布管后经拖罩顶部下返;穿过多孔板，多孔板首要起气筛和散布的作用，使气活动更平稳，焊接维护作用较好，焊道呈银色或江黄色。拖罩长充L为40飞。m原料为黄铜。    钛及钛合金弧焊时，还应留意焊道的北面维护，考虑到焊接变形，咱们选用开槽固定铜垫板的办法进行充维护，为了使焊道反面行到充沛维护，又在糟中加一多孔铜管，使氛气经铜管孔均匀的进入维护区，维护作用杰出，焊道反面呈雪白色。    手艺钨板弧焊焊接工艺及参数的挑选    (1)焊前预备焊件和焊丝表面质量对焊接接头的力学功能有很大影响因而有必要严厉整理。铁板及钛焊丝可选用机械整理及化学整理两种办法。    1)机械整理对焊按质量要求不高或酸洗有困难的焊件，可用细砂纸或不锈钢丝刷擦洗，但最好是用硬质合金黄色刮削钛板，去除氧化膜。    2)化学整理焊前可先对试件及焊丝进行酸洗，酸洗液可用HF5% HH0335%的水熔液。酸洗后用清水冲刷，烘干后亚即施焊。或许用、乙醇、四氢化碳、甲醇等擦洗钛板坡口及其两边(各50m内)、焊丝表面、工夹具与钛板触摸的部分。    (2)焊接设备的挑选钛及钛合金金钨板弧焊应选用具有下降外特性、高频引弧的直流弧焊电源，且推迟递气时刻不少于15秒，避免焊遭受到氧化、污染。    (3)焊接材料的挑选    气纯度应不低于99.99%,露点在一40℃以下，杂质总的质量分数&1士』。.001%,当气瓶中的压力降至0.981MPa时，应停止运用，以避免影响焊接接头质量。准则上应挑选与根本金属成分相同的钛丝，有时为了握高焊缝金属塑性，也可选用强度比根本金属稍低的焊丝。    (4)坡口方式的挑选    准则尽量削减焊接层数和焊接金属。跟着焊接层数的增多，焊缝累计吸气置添加，以致影响焊接接头功能，又因为钛及钛合金焊接时焊接熔池尺度较大，因而试件开单VE270 80。坡口。    (5)试件组对及定位焊    为了削减焊接变形，焊前进行定位焊，一般定位焊距离为100 150.,长度为1015。定位焊所用的焊丝、焊接工艺参数及气体维护条件应与焊接接头焊接时相同。    (6)焊接参数挑选    咱们经过对不同工艺下的焊接接头功能的比照，探索出较适宜的焊接工艺规范。[next]    工艺(1)，焊接电流为150A, 170A, 180A,按此参数施焊，焊接接头表面、呈现出深蓝、金素色，阐明接头氧化较严峻，不契合技能要求，此工艺不可取。    工艺(2)，焊接电流相对下降为120A, 150A, 160A,按此参数施焊，焊缝表面呈现出金紫、深黄色，鹉寸线探伤无缺点，但机械功能曲折实验不合格，阐明焊接接头塑性明显下降，达不到技能要求，此工艺相同不可取。    工艺(3)，焊接电流为95A, 115A, 120A,按此参数施焊，焊缝表面呈雪白、浅黄色，鹉寸线探伤无缺点，但机械功能曲折实验合格、拉伸强度也契合要求，焊接接头功能到达技能要求，此工艺比较适宜。    钛及钛合金焊接时，都有晶料粗大倾向，直接影响到焊接接头的力学功能。因而焊接工艺参数的挑选不只需考虑到焊缝金属氧化及构成气孔，还应考虑晶粒粗化要素，所以应尽量选用较小的焊接热输入，工艺(封、(2)，因为焊接规范较大要素，构成接头氧化比工艺(3)严峻。且微观金相实验成果标明，接头晶粒粗化程度也比工艺(3)严峻。所以焊接接头力学功能较差。    气体流量的挑选以到达杰出的维护作用为准，过大的流量不易构成安稳的层流，并增大焊缝的冷却速度，使焊缝表面层呈现较多的时目，以致引起微裂纹。拖罩中的气流量缺乏时，焊缝呈现出不同的氧化色泽;而流量过大时，将对主喷嘴的气流发生搅扰作用。焊缝反面的气流量也不能太大，否则会影响到正面第一层焊缝的气体维护作用。    初钛及钛合金手艺钨极弧焊操作办法    1)手艺弧焊时，焊丝与焊件间应尽量坚持最小的夹角(10150)。焊丝沿着熔池前端平稳、均匀的送入熔池，不得将焊丝端部移出气维护区。    2)焊接时，焊根本不作横向摇摆，当需求摇摆时，频率要低，摇摆起伏也不宜太大，以避免影响气的维护。    3)断弧及焊缝收尾时，要继续通气维护，直到焊缝及热影响区金属冷却到350'C以下时方可移开焊。    l)质量检验    封外观查看契合GB/T13149一91,    2)射线深伤契合JB4730一94,    3)力学功能实验契合GB/T13149一91,    四、定论    1、钛及钛合金焊接的气体维护间题是影响焊接接头质量的首要要素。    2、钛及钛合金焊接时应尽量选用小的热输入。    3、TA2手艺钨极弧焊时，应严厉操控氢的来历，避免冷裂纹的发生，一起应留意避免气孔的发生。    4、只需严厉依照焊接工艺要求施焊，并采纳有用的气体维护办法，即可取得高质量的焊接接头。

生产电解铜的方法：氧化铜矿石直接提取生产电解铜产业化技术&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 用选矿方法处理氧化铜矿石回收率低，资源损失大。本直接提取工艺是原矿直接用酸浸出（可地表堆浸，也可地下就地浸出或在地浸出），浸出液经萃取&mdash;&mdash;电积后，直接生产出国标一级电解铜，尾液再返回浸出。它的优点是：成本低，比常规采、选、冶、电解综合工艺大大降低；资源回收率高，弥补了氧化矿选矿工艺的缺点；投资省；环保效益高。&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 另外，以火法精炼产出的阳极板为原料，经电解精炼，生产电解铜，并富集贵金属和其它有价元素的铜冶炼厂车间设计。设计主要内容包括：工艺流程、设备选择和主要技术经济指标。中国在铜电解精炼设计中采用了大型电解槽、全套机械化极板作业线、大型可控硅整流器、多功能专用起重机和钛板换热器等新型设备，以及电解液平行流动循环、诱导法脱砷等新技术。&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 铜是古代就已经知道的金属之一。一般认为人类知道的第一种金属是金，其次就是铜。铜在自然界储量非常丰富，并且加工方便。铜是人类用于生产的第一种金属，最初人们使用的只是存在于自然界中的天然单质铜，用石斧把它砍下来，便可以锤打成多种器物。随着生产的发展，只是使用天然铜制造的生产工具就不敷应用了，生产的发展促使人们找到了从铜矿中取得铜的方法。含铜的矿物比较多见，大多具有鲜艳而引人注目的颜色，例如：金黄色的黄铜矿CuFeS2，鲜绿色的孔雀石CuCO3&middot;Cu(OH)2或者Cu2(OH)2CO3，深蓝色的石青2CuCO3Cu(OH)2等，把这些矿石在空气中焙烧后形成氧化铜CuO，再用碳还原，就得到金属铜。&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 更多关于生产电解铜的资讯，请登录上海有色网查询。

核极管 技质2004协议 Φ219.16.35、Φ15910 填补国内核级管生产空白，成为全国唯一可生产核极管的厂家  汽车 用管（别克 轿车 专用）    小口径高压 锅炉 管  按国内外标准或行业标准 生产210C、15CrMoG、12Cr1MoVG、  T12～T91系列钢管  西气东输 站场用管线管 GB/T9711.2 L245NB Φ1146、  Φ895等   海底输 油管 线管 API5L X52 PSL2 Φ8910、Φ114.311.1   油田用管 N80非调质管 API 5CT Φ139.77.72 J55油管 API 5CT Φ735.51   桁架臂专用管（整体调质管） 协议标准，20Mn2B、 20Mn2、Φ14615等，用于履带式塔吊用起重设备  专用缸筒和支架用管   T91、钢102系列高压锅炉管 GB5310-1995，用于热 电 站高温、高压环境   拖拉机后轴管 35MnVN，履带式拖拉机的后轴   超高强度结构管 35CrMnsi、30CrMnSiNi2A，用于军工、飞机起落架用管   车桥管 20Mn2、Φ17812、Φ12719等    岩矸管 协议标准 J55、Φ266、Φ316等，用于高速公路、大  型水电站大坝加固用   液压支柱管 GB/T17396-1998、27SiMn，用于煤机井下作业支撑  固定   按美标生产的锅炉和过热器用中碳钢无缝钢管 ASTM A210、  210C、Φ606   汽车半轴套管 YB/T5035-1996、45Mn2\45   超长换热器管 20，Φ19216000-21000，用于换热器   叉杆用无缝管 CR-1、Φ485，用于火车提速用的CR转向架交叉杆   火箭炮用定向螺旋异型无缝管 Φ1232.2、MP16Mn、GJB459-88   抗海水腐蚀管Q/CG41-1994、10CrMoA1、Φ1084、Φ252.5   潜油电机轴管 协议标准 Φ3111、Φ3613.5、40Cr、35CrMo、35CrMoV，用于抽油泵的电机轴   低温管道用管 GB/T18984-2003、09DG、10MnDG、09Mn2VDG、B655，用于石化行业处于低温环境的流体  输送管道   核电站用管   军工用纯铁管 DT3   710超强炮身用管   直九机管 15CDV6   锅炉、热交换器用不锈无缝管 GB13296-1991、0Cr18Ni9Ti、0Cr18Ni11Ti、Φ1928900等   潜望镜管   汽车、摩托车减震器用精密无缝钢管 10、20等   曳光破甲弹压环用管 SAE1035、Φ1009.5  可生产的国内标准 品种  标准  常用牌号（钢级）  生产方式  结构用无缝钢管  GB/T8162-1999  10-45#、20r、40r 35CrMo、30CrMnSi  冷轧（拔） 热轧  输送流体用无缝钢管  GB/T8163-1999  10、20、09MnV、16Mn  冷轧（拔） 热轧  高压锅炉用无缝钢管  GB5310-1995  20G、15CrMoG、12Cr1MoVG、12CrMoG 10CrMo910、12Cr2MoWVTiB  冷轧（拔） 热轧  低中压锅炉用无方钢管  GB3087-1999  10、20  冷轧（拔） 热轧  石油裂化用无缝钢管  GB9948-1988  10、20、15CrMo、1Cr5Mo  冷轧（拔） 热轧  冷拔无缝异型钢管  GB/T3094-2000  10-45#、09MnV、16Mn  冷轧（拔）  结构用不锈钢无缝钢管  GB/T14975-2002  0Cr18Ni9、1Cr18Ni9Ti、1Cr13  冷轧（拔）  流体输送用不锈钢无缝钢管  GB/T14976-2002  1Cr18Ni9Ti、0Cr13  冷轧（拔）  锅炉、热交换器用不锈钢无缝钢管  GB13296-1991  0Cr18Ni9、1Cr18Ni9Ti、1Cr17  冷轧（拔） 化肥设备用无缝钢管  GB6479-2000  10、16Mn、1Cr5Mo、15CrMo  冷轧（拔）热轧  冷拔或冷轧精密无缝钢管  GB/T3639-2002  10、20、35CrMo、15CrMo、30CrMnSi  冷轧（拔）  液压支柱用热轧无缝钢管  GB/T17396-1998  27SiMn  热轧  船舶用碳钢无缝钢管  GB/T5312-1999  C10、C20  冷轧（拔）  汽车半轴套用无缝钢管  YB/T5035-1996  45Mn2、45#  冷轧（拔）  地质钻探用无缝钢管  YB/T5052-1993 YB/235-1970  DZ40、DZ50  冷轧（拔）  油井用油管、接箍管  API5CT  J55、N80  冷轧（拔）热轧  管线用管  API5L  A、B、X42、X52  冷轧（拔）热轧  航空用结构钢厚壁无缝钢管  GJB2608-1996  30CrMnSiA  冷轧（拔  航空用结构薄壁无缝钢管  GJB2609-1996  30CrMnSiA  冷轧（拔  火箭炮用定向螺旋异型无缝钢管  GJB459-1988  MP16Mn  冷轧（拔）  低温管道用无缝钢管  GB/T18984-2003  09DG、09Mn2VDG、B655、10MNDG  冷轧（拔）热轧  抗海水腐蚀无缝钢管  Q/CG41-2003  10CrMoA1  冷轧（拔）  曳光破甲弹压环用冷拔无缝钢管  Q/CG35-2002  SAE1035  冷轧（拔）  炮弹用无缝钢管  YBn1-1986  40Mn2、45MnB、D60、30CrMnSiA  冷轧（拔）  火炮零件用无缝钢管  YBn2-1986  40Cr、30CrMnSiA、40CrNi  冷轧（拔）  高压容器用无缝钢管  Q/CG94-2001  37Mn、30CrMo、35CrMoA、30CrMnSiA  冷轧（拔）  双35弹导带用无缝钢管  Q/CG90-1998  S35PD  冷轧（拔）  液压件和机加工用无缝钢管  Q/CG68-2003  JS10、JS20、JS35、JS45、JS35Cr、JS40Cr、JS45CrMo、27SiMn   电机轴管  GB/T8162-1999+协议  35CrMo、40Cr  冷轧（拔）  岩纤管  协议  J55  冷轧（拔）  可生产的国外标准 标准号  中文名称  ASTMA53  无缝和焊接的黑钢管和热浸镀锌钢管  ASTMA106  高温作业用碳素钢无缝钢管  ASTMA178/A178M  电阻焊碳素钢和碳锰钢锅炉管  ASTMA179/A179M  无缝冷拔低碳钢热交换器和冷凝器钢管  ASTMA192/192M  高压用碳素钢无缝锅炉管  ASTMA199/A199M  热交换器和冷凝器用中合金钢冷拔无缝钢管  ASTMA209/A209M  锅炉和过热器用碳钼合金钢无缝钢管  ASTMA210/210M  锅炉和过热器用中碳钢无缝钢管  ASTMA333/A333M  低温作业用无缝和焊接钢管  JIS G3441  机械结构用合金钢钢管  JIS G3444  普通结构用碳素钢钢管  JIS G3445  机械结构用碳素钢管  JIS G3452  管道用碳素钢管  JIS G3454  压力管道用碳素钢管  JIS G3455  高压管道用碳素钢管  JIS G3456  高温管道用碳素钢管  JIS G3458  管道用合金钢钢管  JIS G3461  锅炉、换热器用碳素钢钢管  JIS G3462  锅炉、换热器用合金钢钢管  DIN17175  热强无缝管  ASTMA519-1996 JIS G3441-1988  结构用无缝钢管  ASTMA53-1998 JIS G3452-1988 DIN1629-1984  输送流体用无缝钢管  ASTMA1

热镀锌卷板，一种采用热镀锌工艺镀锌的钢材。卷板分为冷硬卷板和冷轧卷板。两者的区别在于，外观上，一般冷硬卷板有点发微乌；表面质量、结构、尺寸精度等冷轧板要比冷硬卷板要好；性能上，由于热轧卷板经过冷轧工序直接得到的冷硬卷板在冷轧时发生加工硬化，导致屈服强度增加、并残留了部分内应力，外在表现为较&ldquo;硬&rdquo;故称冷硬卷板。冷轧板卷式热轧卷板经过酸洗、冷轧、罩式退火、平整、（精整）得到的。冷轧板卷的退火态是冷硬卷板在卷制前经过罩式退火得到的，退火后其加工硬化现象、内应力被消除（大大减落），即屈服强度降低接近到冷轧前。一般冷轧板卷的默认交货状态为退火态。热镀锌（galvanizing） 也叫热浸锌和热浸镀锌，是一种有效的 金属 防腐方式，主要用于各 行业 的 金属 结构设施上。是将除锈后的钢件浸入500℃左右融化的锌液中，使钢构件表面附着锌层，从而起到防腐的目的。热镀锌的生产工序主要包括：原板准备&rarr;镀前处理&rarr;热浸镀&rarr;镀后处理&rarr;成品检验等。卷板属于钢材中板材的一种，实际上是长而窄并成卷供应的薄钢板，热镀锌卷板和热镀锌板的差异就在于一个裁剪包装。

金属材料详细分类 普通钢板： 热板、热卷、冷板、冷卷、酸洗板、酸洗卷、热连轧钢板、碳素结构钢和低合金结构钢热轧厚钢板、碳素结构钢和低合金结构热轧薄钢板、碳素结构钢和低合金结构冷轧薄钢板、优质碳素结构钢热轧薄钢板、优质碳素结构钢热轧薄弱钢板、优质碳素结构钢冷轧薄弱钢板、合金结构钢热轧厚钢板、合金结构钢薄钢板、高强度结构钢热处理和控轧钢板. 专用钢板：  花纹板标准弹簧钢热轧薄钢板、碳素工具钢热轧钢板、高速工具钢钢板、耐热钢板、铜钢复合钢板、厚度方向性能钢板、花纹钢板、深冲压用冷轧薄钢板、汽车制造用优质碳素结构热轧钢板、汽车大梁用热轧钢板、犁壁用热轧三层钢板、锅炉用钢板、锅炉用碳素钢和低合金钢板、压力容器用碳素钢和低合金钢厚钢板、低温压力容器用低合金钢钢板、低温压力容器用低合金厚钢板、焊接气瓶用钢板、压缩机阀片用热轧薄钢板、塑料模具用热轧厚钢板、日用搪瓷用冷轧薄钢板、200L油桶用热轧碳素结构钢薄钢板、200L油桶用冷轧薄钢板和热镀锌薄钢板、多层压力容器用低合金钢板、焊接结构用耐候钢板、高耐候结构钢板、船体用结构钢板、电磁纯铁热轧厚板、冷弯波形钢板、压焊钢格栅板、建筑用压型钢板、电工用热轧硅钢薄钢板、冷轧电工钢带、电磁纯铁冷轧薄板、钛—钢复合板、镍-钢复合钢板. 钢带（带钢）： 热轧钢带、冷轧钢带、热连轧钢带、碳素结构钢和低合金结构钢热轧钢带、碳素结构钢和低合金结构热轧和冷轧钢带、优质碳素结构钢热轧宽钢带、优质碳素结构钢热轧钢带、优质碳素结构钢冷轧钢带、高强度结构钢热处理和控轧钢带、深冲压用冷轧钢带、汽车制造用优质碳素结构热轧钢带、犁壁用热轧宽钢带、日用搪瓷用冷轧钢带、晶粒取向硅钢（片）薄钢带、碳素结构钢冷轧钢带；碳素结构钢和低合金结构钢热轧钢带；优质碳素结构钢热轧钢带；优质碳素结构钢冷轧钢带；低碳钢冷轧钢带；热处理弹簧钢带；弹簧钢、工具钢冷轧钢带；压力容器用热轧钢带；自行车链条用冷轧钢带；自行车用热轧碳素钢和低合金钢宽带及钢板；自行车用冷轧碳素宽钢带和钢板；自行车用热轧钢带；自行车用冷轧钢带；手表用碳素工具钢冷轧钢带；刮脸刀片用冷轧钢带；工业链条用冷轧钢带；锯条用冷轧钢带；机器锯条用高速工具钢热轧钢带；铠装电缆用冷轧钢带；铠装电缆用钢带；灯头用冷轧钢带；金属软管用碳素钢冷轧钢带；包装用钢带、焊接钢管用钢带. 普通型钢： 工字钢、槽钢、角钢（角铁）、圆钢和方钢、扁钢、六角钢和八角钢、L型钢、H型钢和T型钢、异型钢. 专用型钢： 结构钢、工具钢、轴承钢、重轨及重轨配件、轻轨、起重机钢轨、电梯导轨、球扁钢、矿用工字钢、农用复合钢、银亮钢、钢桩钢、支撑钢、中空钢、模具钢、气瓶料、工业纯铁、成品钎钢、标准件用钢、履带板用型钢、拖拉机大梁用槽钢、船用锚链圆钢、齿轮钢、电工钢、合金圆钢、轮网钢、复合扁钢、冷弯型钢、冷拉型钢、U形C形Z形型钢、耐热耐候耐腐蚀钢. 线材： 螺纹钢、镀锌线、普线、高线、铁线、弹簧钢丝、盘圆（条）、焊线、优线、硬线、普碳圆钢、冷拉带肋钢筋、冷拉扭钢筋、直条、铁丝、冷拔丝. 不锈钢： 不锈型材、不锈线材、不锈钢板、不锈卷板、不锈钢管、不锈无缝管、不锈焊管、不锈带钢、不锈钢丝、不锈钢丝绳、不锈钢坯、不锈钢金属制品、不锈直条、不锈弯头、不锈薄壁钢管、不锈钢复合钢板、不锈钢棒、不锈钢热轧钢带、不锈钢和耐热钢冷轧钢带、弹簧用不锈钢冷轧钢带、磁头用不锈钢冷轧钢带、彩色显像管弹簧用不锈钢冷轧钢带、手表用不锈钢冷轧钢带； 无缝钢管： 普通无缝钢管、方形管、矩形管、结构用无缝钢管、输送流体用无缝管、冷拔或冷轧精密无缝管、冷拔无缝异型钢管、汽车半轴套管用无缝管、船舶用碳钢和碳锰钢无缝钢管、柴油机用高压无缝管、低中压锅炉用无缝管、液压和气动缸筒用精密内径无缝管、高压锅炉用无缝管、化肥设备用高压无缝管、石油裂化用无缝管、金刚石岩芯钻探用无缝管、液压支柱用热轧无缝管； 焊接钢管： 直缝电焊钢管、双层卷焊钢管、低压流体输送用焊接钢管、传动轴用电焊钢管、低压流体输送用大直径电焊钢管、低中压锅炉用电焊钢管、换热器用焊接钢管、带式输送机托辊用电焊钢管、深井水泵用电焊钢管、矿用流体输送电焊钢管、普通碳素钢电线套管、钢窗用电焊异型钢管、吹氧焊管、公制焊管、汽车用管、变压器管、电焊薄壁管、波纹管、石油天然气输送管道用螺旋缝埋弧焊钢管； 镀涂类： 热镀锌钢板（镀锌铁皮或白铁皮）、电镀锌薄钢板、镀铅合金薄钢板（镀铅板）、热镀锡钢板、电镀锡钢板（马口铁）、塑料复合钢板卷、镀铝板卷、镀铬板卷、热镀锌卷、电镀锌卷、热镀锡卷、电镀锡卷、彩涂卷、热镀锌钢带、电镀锌钢带、热镀锡钢带、电镀锡钢带、镀锌电缆钢带、镀锡电缆钢带、涂漆电缆钢带、热镀锌钢管、电镀锌钢管、彩色涂层钢板、彩色涂层钢带、镀铬钢带、低压流体输送用镀锌焊接钢管、P3型镀锌金属软管、单张热镀锌薄钢板、连续热镀锌薄钢板、连续热镀铝硅合金钢板、连续电镀锌冷轧钢板、连续热浸镀锌铝稀土合金镀层钢板、连续热浸镀铝锌硅合金镀层钢板、热镀铅合金冷轧碳素薄钢板、宽度不于700mm连续热镀锌钢带、连续热镀锌钢带、连续热镀铝硅合金钢带、连续电镀锌冷轧钢带、连续热浸镀锌铝稀土合金镀层钢带、连续热浸镀铝锌硅合金镀层钢带、电镀铅锡合金钢带、铠装电缆用镀锌钢带、同轴电缆用电镀锡钢带； 生铁炉料： 炼钢生铁、铸造生铁、球墨铸造用生铁、硅铁、锰铁、铬铁、金属锰、金属铬、锰硅合金、合金、硅铬合金、钼铁、钨铁、钒铁、钛铁、复合铁合金、铁矿、锰矿、普废钢、不锈废钢、煤炭、焦炭、焦副产品、耐材、电解锰、稀土、稀土镁、稀土硅、水渣、碳素、辅料； 有色金属： 电解铜、铜锭、铜管、铜带、铜棒；铝锭、铝板、铝管、铝带、铝棒；铅锭、铅板；锡锭、焊锡；镍板；锌；锑；镁：钨；钼；稀有金属； 金属制品： 钢丝、钢丝绳、钢绞线、型材制品、标准件； 其他钢材： 钢锭、铸铁管、钢坯、板坯、方坯、管坯、车轮、轮箍、盘件、环件、车轴坯、锻件坯、钢球料、铁路用尖轨补强板； 板材类： 冷板、热薄板、中板、厚板、冷卷、热卷、冷轧盒板、热轧盒板、锰板、开平板、锅炉板、容器板、弹簧板、模具板、碳结板、低合金板、刃具板、硅钢片、镀锌板、镀锡板、花纹板、彩涂板、带钢、船板、合金板、板坯、波形板、薄板、彩钢保温板、彩钢瓦、彩色压型板、彩涂卷板、纯铁板、大梁板、弹簧带、镀锌带、镀锌盒板、镀锌卷板、镀锌瓦、复合板、高强板、合工板、 合结板、盒板、花纹卷板、集装箱板、卷板、烤兰带、拉伸板、磨砂板、耐候板、耙片板、桥梁板、酸洗板、酸洗卷、碳工板； 管材类： 焊管、无缝管、镀锌管、螺旋管、方管、矩管、锅炉管、合金管、流体管、高频焊管、冷拔管、结构管、地质管、复合管、厚壁管、铸铁管、热轧管、裂化管、异形管、穿线管、半轴管、保温管、波纹管、薄壁管、船舶用管、吹氧管、大棚管、电线管、钢塑管、高压管、化肥管、架子管、平椭圆、球墨管、石油管、托辊管、椭圆、液体管、异型管、轴承管； 型材类： 工字钢、槽钢、角钢、方钢、扁钢、H型钢、圆钢、轻轨、重轨、C型钢、T型钢、U型钢、V型钢、Z型钢、π型钢、槽帮钢、道轨、吊车轨、工业轨、六角钢、内卷边槽钢、起重轨、碳结钢、斜腿钢、爪型钢； 线材类： 螺纹钢、普线、高线、弹簧钢丝、盘圆、镀锌线、直条、钢丝、钢纤维、高工丝、黑光线、回火线、琴钢丝、软线、碳工钢丝、碳结钢丝、铁线； 优特钢类： 碳结钢、合结钢、高工钢、合工钢、轴承钢、模具钢、弹簧钢、齿轮钢、碳工钢、刮板钢、低合金钢、叉梁钢、纯铁棒、挡板钢、低碳钢、电工钢、管线钢、焊瓶钢、结构钢、矿工钢、链条钢、耐候钢、优碳钢、轧辊钢、中空钢； 不锈钢类： 不锈板、不锈管、不锈棒、不锈丝、不锈方管、不锈角钢、不锈六角钢、不锈毛细管、不锈毛衣针管、不锈盘圆、不锈坯料管、不锈汽车尾气管、不锈三通、不锈手表管、不锈天线管、不锈弯头、不锈医疗用管、不锈饮食用管、不锈直条、不锈注射针管； 有色金属： 铜、铝、铅、锌、锡、镍、钴、锑、铋、镁、镉、钛、稀贵金属； 炉料类： 钼铁、钛铁、钨铁、钒铁、高铬、中铬、低铬、微铬、金属铬、高锰、中锰、低锰、金属锰、电解锰、硅铁、、硅锰、铸造生铁、工业硅、稀土镁、稀土硅、纯铁、氮化铬、氮化锰、锆砂、锆英砂、铬铁、硅、硅粒、、粉、硅铝铁、硅铁粉、硅铁粒、硅微粉、炼钢生铁、磷铁、锰铁、铌铁、硼铁、球墨生铁、石墨、石墨电极、石墨坩埚； 其它类： 钢锭、鱼尾板、道岔、方坯、钢坯、钢丝绳、板块、法兰、封头、钢板网、管坯、焊条、火车轴、汽车边框、汽车上沿钢、汽车下沿钢、弯头.

《铜合金管棒材加工工艺》概述了铜合金管棒材的品种分类以及加工方法的分类和特点；详述了挤压加工工艺、拉伸加工工艺、冷轧管加工工艺等管棒材加工工艺以及废品种类与产生原因；介绍了铜合金管材斜轧热穿孔工艺；阐述了型辊孔制的基础理论、孔型和孔型系的基础知识及孔型设计的方法步骤，介绍了棒材型辊轧制的工艺过程及设备；还简单介绍了管棒材加工的新工艺、新技术。　　《铜合金管棒材加工工艺》涵盖了国内外有关铜合金管棒材的常用加工技术及加工工艺，也汇集了作者多年积累的工作经验，内容丰富，资料翔实，深入浅出，理论联系实际。非常适合铜与铜合金生产和加工企业的技术人员使用，同时也可供大专院校冶金、材料及相关专业的师生参考。第1章　概述　　1.1　管材、棒材的品种分类　　1.2　管材、棒材的加工方法及其比较　　1.2.1　加工方法　　1.2.2　管材、棒材加工方法比较　　1.3　各种加工方法的分类及特点　　1.3.1　挤压加工　　1.3.2　拉伸加工　　1.3.3　冷轧管加工　　1.3.4　型辊轧制加工　　第2章　管材、棒材挤压加工工艺　　2.1　挤压的理论基础　　2.1.1　挤压过程的变形参数　　2.1.2　挤压过程中 金属 的变形　　2.1.3　挤压力　　2.2　管材、棒材的挤压工序　　2.2.1　锭坯尺寸的选择　　2.2.2　锭坯的预加工　　2.2.3　锭坯的加热　　2.2.4　挤压　　2.2.5　挤压时的润滑　　2.2.6　挤压后管棒的再加工　　2.2.7　管棒材挤压生产举例　　2.3　挤压加工的废品　　2.4　挤压设备与挤压工具　　2.4.1　挤压机　　2.4.2　锭坯加热设备　　2.4.3　挤压工具　　第3章　管材、棒材的拉伸加工工艺　　3.1　拉伸加工工艺的理论基础　　3.1.1　拉伸时的变形指数　　3.1.2　实现拉伸过程的基本条件　　3.1.3　拉伸时的变形特点　　3.1.4　拉伸力的计算和实测　　3.2　管材、棒材的拉伸配模　　3.2.1　拉伸配模的原则、步骤　　3.2.2　棒材拉伸配模　　3.2.3　圆管拉伸配模　　3.2.4　盘管拉伸配模　　3.2.5　拉伸配模举例　　3.3　管材、棒材的拉伸工序　　3.3.1　管材、棒材一般生产工艺流程　　3.3.2　制夹头　　3.3.3　拉伸　　3.3.4　精整　　3.3.5　拉伸时的热处理　　3.3.6　拉伸时的润滑　　3.3.7　拉伸时的酸洗　　3.4　拉伸制品质量的控制和废品　　3.4.1　拉伸制品的质量　　3.4.2　拉伸废品　　3.5　管材、棒材拉伸设备及拉伸工具　　3.5.1　拉伸机　　3.5.2　退火设备　　3.5.3　拉伸加工的辅助设备　　3.5.4　拉伸工具及其设计　　第4章　铜合金管材的冷轧加工工艺　　4.1　管材冷轧的理论基础　　4.1.1　冷轧管时 金属 的变形特点　　4.1.2　冷轧管时的轧制力计算及测定　　4.2　管材冷轧工艺　　4.2.1　冷轧管管坯的准备及要求　　4.2.2　冷轧　　4.2.3　冷轧管的工艺润滑　　4.3　冷轧管废品及产生原因　　4.4　冷轧管设备和工具　　4.4.1　冷轧管机　　4.4.2　冷轧管机的操作及调整　　4.4.3　冷轧管工具的设计　　第5章　铜合金管材斜轧热穿孔加工工艺　　第6章　棒材轧制加工工艺　　第7章　管材、棒材加工的新工艺新技术　　参考文献&nbsp;

现在国内钢材 市场 的镀锌卷板 价格 暂时稳定，没有很明显的涨跌趋势。下面是近段时间国内各钢材 市场 的镀锌卷板 价格 ：华东地区 价格 ：5400~5950元/吨，均价5700元/吨；邯郸 市场 ：5200~5500元/吨，均价5350元/吨；广州 市场 5250~5700元/吨；深圳 市场 ：5350~5800元/吨；上海 市场 5300~5500元/吨不等。卷板分为冷硬卷板和冷轧卷板。两者的区别在于，外观上，一般冷硬卷板有点发微乌；表面质量、结构、尺寸精度等冷轧板要比冷硬卷板要好；性能上，由于热轧卷板经过冷轧工序直接得到的冷硬卷板在冷轧时发生加工硬化，导致屈服强度增加、并残留了部分内应力，外在表现为较&ldquo;硬&rdquo;故称冷硬卷板。冷轧板卷式热轧卷板经过酸洗、冷轧、罩式退火、平整、（精整）得到的。冷轧板卷的退火态是冷硬卷板在卷制前经过罩式退火得到的，退火后其加工硬化现象、内应力被消除（大大减落），即屈服强度降低接近到冷轧前。一般冷轧板卷的默认交货状态为退火态。镀锌卷板由于涂镀工艺中处理方式不同，表面状态也不同，如普通锌花、细锌花、平整锌花、无锌花以及磷化处理的表面等。镀锌卷板应具有良好的外观，不得有对产品使用有害的缺陷，如无镀、孔洞、破裂以及浮渣、超过镀厚、擦伤、铬酸污垢、白锈等。近几年，镀锌卷板的生 产量 逐渐增加，出进口量也在逐年增加，幅度大于生 产量 。而我们的镀锌卷板的消费量主要依靠进口。